a reply to:
fatkid
It is useful to go back to the most ancient records in order to determine which god is which, and the most ancient records we have belonged to the
Sumerians.
The Sumerian myths record the creator of human beings as the benevolent "Lord of the Earth", named Enki (EN=Lord, KI=Earth). He was also called Ea,
from which 'Ea'rth is derived. He created men at the command of the "Lord of the Air" Enlil (EN=Lord, Lil=Air). Enlil was a ruthless and murderous
warrior god, also known as Bel, Ellil or El.
Initially humans were created as slaves for a great project that Enlil required - when the work was done, then he had no use for them. When the world
became populated with humans, Enlil commanded that they be destroyed by various mechanisms.
“Ellil [Enlil] organized his assembly, Addressed the gods his sons .. the people have not diminished-they are more than before! I have become
restless at their noise, Sleep cannot overtake me because of their racket!
Cut off food from the people, Let vegetation be too scant for their stomachs! Let Adad [the Storm God] on high make his rain scarce, Let him block
below, and not raise flood-water from the springs! ..
When the second year arrived, they had depleted the storehouse. When the third year arrived The people's looks were changed by starvation. When the
fourth year arrived Their upstanding bearing bowed ..
When the fifth year arrived .. A mother would watch the scales (at the sale) of her daughter. When the sixth year arrived, They served up a daughter
for a meal, Served up a son for food.” (Atrahasis Tb. II - In “Myths from Mesopotamia”, Stephanie Dalley (2000), Pg. 26-27)
However, this did not satisfy Enlil, and when a cataclysm became imminent, he commanded it be concealed from men - they were to be given no warning,
and all destroyed by a global Deluge. Lord Enki was commanded to silence by the council of the gods, ruled by Enlil - he was furious with that
decision.
“The flood that you mention to me- What is it? I don't even know! Could I give birth to a flood? That is Enlil's kind of work!”
(Atrahasis Tb. III, vii - In “Myths from Mesopotamia”, Stephanie Dalley (2000), Pg. 29)
After being bound by an oath of secrecy, Enki found a way around it, and warned the flood survivor Atrahasis by speaking loudly to the walls of his
house.
“Wall, listen constantly to me! Reed hut, make sure you attend to all my words! Dismantle the house, build a boat.” (ibid)
This is an identical story to the tale of Noah, however in the bible there aren't two gods involved - or are there?
“And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast .. for it repenteth me that I have
made them.”. (Genesis 6v7) The title "LORD" is identical to the Sumerian title that Enlil claimed as his own "Bel" - it literally means
'LORD'.
However, who warned Noah of the coming destruction?
“And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me .. Make thee an ark of
gopher wood”. (Genesis 6 v13-14).
In the Greek myths we find there was also a Great Flood - a Deluge - called the Flood of Deucalion.
“And when Zeus would destroy the men of the
Bronze Age, Deukalion by the advice of Prometheus constructed a chest, and having stored it with provisions he embarked in it with [his wife]
Pyrrha.” (Apollodorus, Library, 1. 7. 2, Loeb Classical Library, Trans: J.G. Frazer). In this myth we see that the flood survivor was named
Deucalion - and Zeus was the tyrant who would destroy mankind, and it was Prometheus who warned him and he survived.
Therefore Enki is identifiable as Greek Prometheus, and also as Hebrew 'God', at least in Genesis. We also identify Enlil (also spelled Ellil) as the
god known to the Hebrews as 'El' (Elohim), likely derived from either 'Ellil', or his title 'Bel' which literally means 'Lord'.
We will not go into all of the details here because it is a lengthy process - however concerning the nature of Enlil we find the following in the Old
Testament bible,
“Thus saith the LORD of hosts [Enlil] .. Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not;
but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.” (I Samuel 15 v2-3). This was a command to commit genocide, and
it matches the warlike and ferocious nature of Enlil.
Just in case we thought this was an aberration, they do it again to another city.
“And the city shall be accursed, even it, and all that are
therein, to the LORD .. And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the
edge of the sword.” (Joshua 6 v17-21) This however was just a warm up, because later the 'LORD' commanded them to totally annihilate sixty
cities in the same fashion.
“So the LORD our God delivered into our hands Og also .. And we took all his cities at that time .. threescore
cities [sixty] .. And we utterly destroyed them .. utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every city.” (Deuteronomy 3 v 3-7)
Murdering and pillaging of course are not much good without pillage, so “all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we took for a prey to
ourselves.”.
These incidents are only a fraction of the murder and destruction recorded in the Old Testament, but even this small sample clearly illustrates the
character of that 'god' - murderous and cruel - he was called 'LORD', 'El' and also 'Yahweh'.
“Yahweh was not always God in Israel and at every social level. Rather, initially he belongs only to the storm and war gods”. (Theologies
of the Old Testament, Prof. Erhard S. Gerstenberger, Pg.151)
“Yahweh was first and foremost a warrior God.” (Encountering Ancient Voices: A Guide to Reading the Old Testament, Prof. Corrine Carvalho,
Pg. .79). This identification of Yahweh as a storm and war god matches the personality of Enlil. The tales and stories of the Old Testament, and of
its 'Lord' clearly relate to Sumerian Enlil, and they do not relate to a creator 'God' - but rather a destroyer
However, the Old Testament undergoes a sharp transition after the book of Genesis - and the next book of Exodus is completely different. From this
point forward the 'LORD' (Enlil) also has an adversary - who is named as 'Satan'. In the Mesopotamian myths a great dispute occurred between Enlil
and Enki over the treatment of human beings .. this is related by the Flood survivor Atrahasis in his records inscribed on stone.
“Enki and
Enlil have become angry with each other. .. I cannot set my foot on Enlil's territory (again).” (Atrahasis Tb. III - In “Myths from
Mesopotamia”, Stephanie Dalley (2000), Pg. 29).
(Continued)
edit on 24-9-2016 by MatthewFreeman because: Ran out of space