Very interesting conclusions from both the papers:
1) A new submm source within a few arcseconds of α Centauri
ALMA discovers the most distant object of the solar system
R. Liseau1
, W. Vlemmings1
, E. O’Gorman1
, E. Bertone2
, M. Chavez2
, and V. De la Luz3
1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala,
Sweden, e-mail:
[email protected]
2
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro 1, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico,
3 CONACYT Research Fellow, SCiESMEX, Instituto de Geofisica, Unidad Michoacan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,
Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. CP 58190
Conclusions:
Within ten months between 2014 and 2015, ALMA imaging ob-
servations revealed a new source in two of the bands, at 0.74 mm
(Band 8) and 0.87 mm (Band 7) respectively, whereas the noise
was too high in the other bands. Staying within 500
· 5 of both
αCen A and B, this object essentially shared the high proper
motion of αCen. With a spectral slope of 2, its submm-SED
appears thermal. However, simple arguments convince us that
this object cannot be an ordinary star. We argue that the object is
most likely part of the solar system, in prograde motion, albeit at
a distance too far to be detectable at other wavelengths, viz. an
ETNO ( 100 AU), a hypothesized Super-Earth (∼ 300 AU) or
a super-cool brown dwarf (∼ 20 000 AU).
Acknowledgements. Our thanks go to the members of the Nordic ARC node4
and to the ALMA staff for their assistance with the observations. We en-
joyed interesting discussions with R. Cumming, K. Justtanont, K.K. Knudsen,
M. Olberg and T. Lunttila. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data:
ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00170.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (represent-
ing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC
(Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic
of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and
NAOJ.
2) The serendipitous discovery of a possible new solar system object
with ALMA
W. H. T. Vlemmings1,⋆, S. Ramstedt2
, M. Maercker1
, B. Davidsson2
1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
Conclusions:
Based on our three epochs of ALMA observations around
345 GHz we conclude that:
– Continuum observations robustly detected point-like emis-
sion at the level ∼ 3 mJy at different positions in two epochs
separated by 25 days. Unless an unknown systematic effect
in ALMA observations can routinely produce > 5.8σ detec-
tions, we confirm the detections as real. In the unlikely case
that the effect is spurious, our observations highlight the very
strong need for multiple epochs of ALMA observations to
confirm new source detections.
– The consistency of the flux and the negligible probability
of having identified two independent highly variable back-
ground sources, leads us to conclude the two detections are
the same source, here dubbed Gna. The source was no longer
visible at the third epoch another 42 days later.
– Based on the motion of almost 6′′ between the two epochs,
we can rule out a source beyond ∼ 0.3 pc. Assuming Gna is
not strongly variably, the lack of detection in the third epoch
confines it to within ∼ 4000 AU. Only if it is variable by
more than a factor of ∼ 5, could Gna be a large planetary
body or brown dwarf beyond that distance in the outer solar
system.
– The observations can not rule out an gravitationally unbound
large solar system object within ∼ 4000 AU. The detection at
only two of the three epochs and the flux would be consistent
with Neptune at ∼ 2500 AU.
– Assuming it is gravitationally bound, the most likely expla-
nation is that Gna belongs to the small group of large ret-
rograde Centaurs or trans neptunian objects. In that case
Gna is currently at ∼ 12 − 25 AU, and has a size between
220 − 880 km.
Acknowledgements. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data:
ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00524.S and ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.A.00041.S.
ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA)
and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan)
and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The
Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. WV
acknowledges support from VR, a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 321691,
and the ERC consolidator grant 614264. M.M. has received funding from the
People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the EU’s FP7 (FP7/2007-2013)
under REA grant agreement No. 623898.11. We also thank Prof. Spahr from the
Minor Planet Center for helpful discussion and the JAO and ESO ARC staff for
promptly scheduling the DDT observations.
.........
It is interesting to note how quickly the scientific community is discrediting these two papers on twitter.
Although both papers have been published by reputed scientists under international collaboration.
Something is surly wrong here, is it possible these two papers have just touched a raw nerve?