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Zuni (New Mexico)
Eight years was but four days and four nights when the world was new. It was while such days and nights continued that men were led out, in the
night-shine of the World of Seeing. For even when they saw the great star, they thought it the Sun-father himself, it so burned their eye-balls.
Men and creatures were more alike then than now. Our fathers were black,like the caves they came from; their skins were cold and scaly like
those of mud creatures; their eyes were goggled like an owl's; their ears were like those of cave bats; their feet were webbed like those of
walkers in wet and soft places; they had tails, long or short, as they were old or young. Men crouched when they walked, or crawled along the
ground like lizards.
They feared to walk straight, but crouched as before time they had in their cave worlds, that they might not stumble or fall in the uncertain light.
When the morning star arose, they blinked excessively when they beheld its brightness and cried out that now surely the Father was coming. But
it was only the elder of the Bright Ones, heralding with his shield of flame the approach of the Sun-father. And when, low down in the east,
the Sun-father himself appeared, though shrouded in the mist of the world-waters, they were blinded and heated by his light and glory.
They fell down wallowing and covered their eyes with their hands and arms,yet ever as they looked toward the light, they struggled toward the Sun as moths and other night creatures seek the light of a camp fire. Thus they became used to the light.
Some scholars have speculated that the island home of Huru’ingwùuti could be Isla Montague in the Gulf of California near the Colorado River Delta (see Anyon 1999:36).
Descriptions of the Snake Kiva are more vague, but multiple narratives say that Tiyo and Kòokyangwso’wùuti walked for many days from the ocean to the east or northeast before encountering the Snake People. Several accounts describe the Snake Kiva as being high upon a mountain or cliff top (Bourke 1984:177; Curtis 1922:76).
Stephen (1929:37), on the other hand, stated that Kòokyangwso’wùuti and Tiyo traveled to the west and the north until they came to a large rock where a great snake sat upright, and there was the Snake Kiva. Herschel Talashoma also said that Tiyo walked toward the northwest to find the Snake People (in Ferguson 1998:112). Finally, before Tiyo and his snake bride returned to Tokonavi, they are said to have built a shrine in the desert where Tiyo’s craft first stopped (Courlander 1971:89-90).
Several accounts describe the Snake Kiva as being high upon a mountain or cliff top
Several accounts describe the Snake Kiva as being high upon a mountain or cliff top
California Saber-Toothed Tiger(Smilodon fatalis californicus)-a subspecies of smilodon that lives in California, Oregon, Nevada, southern Washington, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, down into Baja Califonia peninsula. lives mainly in grasslands, bush country, and semi-deserts.
Hopi tradition tells of sacred tablets which were imparted to the Hopi by various deities. Like most of Hopi mythology, accounts differ as to when the tablets were given and in precisely what manner.
Perhaps the most important was said to be in the possession of the Fire Clan, and is related to the return of the Pahana. In one version, an elder of the Fire Clan worried that his people would not recognize the Pahana when he returned from the east. He therefore etched various designs including a human figure into a stone, and then broke off the section of the stone which included the figure's head. This section was given to Pahana and he was told to bring it back with him so that the Hopi would not be deceived by a witch or sorcerer.This one is Truth, the stone has an Indian face of black, white and grey with black feathers, and it is not etched but looks more like ink that soaked into the stone.
Another version has it that the Fire Clan was given a sacred tablet by Masauwu, who as the giver of fire was their chief deity. In this version the human figure was purposely drawn without a head, and a corner of the stone was broken off. Masauwu told them that eventually the Pahana would return bringing the broken-off corner of the stone, but if in the meantime a Hopi leader accepted a false religion, he must assent to having his head cut off as drawn on the stone.
The true Pahana (or Bahana) is the Lost White Brother of the Hopi. Most versions have it that the Pahana or Elder Brother left for the east at the time that the Hopi entered the Fourth World and began their migrations. However, the Hopi say that he will return again and at his coming the wicked will be destroyed and a new age of peace, the Fifth World, will be ushered into the world. As mentioned above, it is said he will bring with him a missing section of a sacred Hopi stone in the possession of the Fire Clan, and that he will come wearing red. Traditionally, Hopis are buried facing eastward in expectation of the Pahana who will come from that direction
Battles with local Californios in Los Angeles during the Mexican-American war (1846-48) were numerous, sometimes brutal, and often tinged with racism. For instance, the Mormon soldiers were notorious for firing into what is now LA Plaza/Olvera street and using the civilian population as de facto sniper targets.
I did make a pretty thorough effort to track down any such Hopi legend, but came up empty handed, not counting numerous modern references to Mt. Shasta and the Los Angeles catacomb story. I did find a "Lizard clan" referenced in several Hopi stories, but always among other clans (the Spider clan, the Bear clan), and never any references to underground cities, golden tablets, or any other elements from Shufelt's story. Obviously, my failure to find any evidence of such a legend doesn't prove anything: Native American legends were traditionally passed by word of mouth and never were written down, the only exceptions being those that made it into modern storybook collections.
Most likely, this tall tale from the early days of Los Angeles was little more than an effort by Shufelt to interest investors in his treasure hunt, in which he no doubt believed wholeheartedly. As for Macklin? Who knows, Shufelt could have made him up, or he could have been a real guy, possibly even a real Hopi, and may have even told a genuine — if undocumented — Hopi legend. What Shufelt didn't know was that his little gem in the Los Angeles Times was the kickoff for a whole generation of one of our most bizarre (and entertaining) urban legends.
So I began looking into the various elements from the LA Times story. First on the list was Shufelt's "radio x-ray" device. Times reporter Jean Bosquet described it:
Shufelt's radio device consists chiefly of a cylindrical glass case inside which a plummet attached to a copper wire held by the engineer sways continually, pointing, he asserts, toward minerals or tunnels below the surface of the ground, and then revolves when over the mineral or swings in prolongation of the tunnel when above the excavation.
So, it turns out, Shufelt's device has little to do with either radio or x-rays and more to do with a common dowsing pendulum. This was all he had to guide his elaborate drawing of the catacomb layout, which you can see online at Skeptoid.com, along with a picture of Shufelt using his dowsing pendulum.
Shufelt stated he has taken "x-ray pictures" of thirty seven such tablets, three of which have their southwest corners cut off. "My radio x-ray pictures of tunnels and rooms, which are subsurface voids, and of gold pictures with perfect corners, sides and ends, are scientific proof of their existence," Shufelt said.