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Children need love, care, and safety; they need families
The Greatest terror a child can have is that he is not loved, and rejection is the hell of fears...... And, with rejection comes anger, and with anger some kind of crime in revenge for the rejection, and with crime, guilt - and there is the story of humankind. John Steinbeck, East of Eden
Friday, February 12, 2010
Bonding and Attachment in Maltreated Children - Bruce Perry
The most important property of humankind is the capacity to form and maintain relationships. These relationships are absolutely necessary for any of us to survive, learn, work, love, and procreate. Human relationships take many forms but the most intense, most pleasurable and most painful are those relationships with family, friends and loved ones. Within this inner circle of intimate relationships, we are bonded to each other with "emotional glue" — bonded with love.
Each individual's ability to form and maintain relationships using this "emotional glue" is different. Some people seem "naturally" capable of loving. They form numerous intimate and caring relationships and, in doing so, get pleasure. Others are not so lucky. They feel no "pull" to form intimate relationships, find little pleasure in being with or close to others. They have few, if any, friends, and more distant, less emotional glue with family. In extreme cases an individual may have no intact emotional bond to any other person. They are self-absorbed, aloof, or may even present with classic neuropsychiatric signs of being schizoid or autistic.
The capacity and desire to form emotional relationships is related to the organization and functioning of specific parts of the human brain. Just as the brain allows us to see, smell, taste, think, talk, and move, it is the organ that allows us to love — or not. The systems in the human brain that allow us to form and maintain emotional relationships develop during infancy and the first years of life. Experiences during this early vulnerable period of life are critical to shaping the capacity to form intimate and emotionally healthy relationships. Empathy, caring, sharing, inhibition of aggression, capacity to love, and a host of other characteristics of a healthy, happy, and productive person are related to the core attachment capabilities which are formed in infancy and early childhood.
These areas organize during development and change in the mature brain in a "use-dependent" fashion. The more a certain neural system is activated, the more it will "build-in" this neural state -- what occurs in this process is the creation of an "internal representation" of the experience corresponding to the neural activation. This "use-dependent" capacity to make an "internal representation" of the external or internal world is the basis for learning and memory. The simple and unavoidable result of this sequential neurodevelopment is that the organizing, "sensitive" brain of an infant or young child is more malleable to experience than a mature brain. While experience may alter and change the functioning of an adult, experience literally provides the organizing framework for an infant and child.
The brain is most plastic (receptive to environmental input) in early childhood. The consequence of sequential development is that as different regions are organizing, they require specific kinds of experience targeting the region’s specific function (e.g., visual input while the visual system is organizing) in order to develop normally. These times during development are called critical or sensitive periods.
Traumatic Experiences and Development
With optimal experiences, the brain develops healthy, flexible and diverse capabilities. When there is disruption of the timing, intensity, quality or quantity of normal developmental experiences, however, there may be devastating impact...
Unthinking confidence in the unfailing accessibility and support of attachment figures is the bedrock on which stable and self-reliant personality is built.
--John Bowlby--an early pioneer in the field.
The first set of core beliefs, or relationship rules, form the self-dimension.
It centers around two critical
QUESTIONS:
1. Am I worthy of being loved?
2. Am I competent to get the love I need?
The second set of beliefs form the other-dimension.
It also centers around two important
QUESTIONS:
1. Are others reliable and trustworthy [generally speaking]?
2. Are others accessible and willing to respond to me when I need them to be?
Based on your responses to each set of the questions above, your sense of self is either positive or negative. Likewise, your sense of other is either positive or negative. By combining the four possible combinations of self and other dimensions, a four-category grid . . . emerges. [6]
[6]This grid is adapted from K. Bartholomew, "Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective," Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7 (1990): 147-178
SECURE ATTACHMENT STYLE
POSITIVE SELF/POSITIVE OTHER
AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT STYLE
POSITIVE SELF/NEGATIVE OTHER
AMBIVALENT ATTACHMENT STYLE
NEGATIVE SELF/POSITIVE OTHER
DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT STYLE
NEGATIVE SELF/NEGATIVE OTHER
A child can be the object of much affection [I'd say it depends] and still not feel loved. Feeling loved and being heard are so similar, it's difficult to distinguish between the two. --Fran Stott
Comparison of Attachment Styles
SECURE ATTACHMENT STYLE
Self Dimension
*I am worthy of love.
*I am capable of getting the love and support I need.
Other Dimension
*Others are willing and able to love me.
AMBIVALENT ATTACHMENT STYLE
Self dimension
*I am not worthy of love.
*I am not capable of getting the love I need without being angry and clingy.
Other Dimension
*Others are capable of meeting my needs but might not do so because of my flaws.
*Others are trustworthy and reliable but might abandon me because of my worthlessness.
AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT STYLE
Self-Dimension
*I am worthy of love.
*I am capable of getting the love and support I need.
Other Dimension
*Others are either unwilling or incapable of loving me.
*Others are not trustworthy, they are unreliable when it comes to meeting my needs.
DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT STYLE
Self Dimension
*I am not worthy of love.
*I am not capable of getting the love I need without being angry and clingy.
Other Dimension
*Others are unable to meet my needs
*Others are not trustworthy or reliable.
*Others are abusive and I deserve it.
originally posted by: Restricted
Geez, I should be a convict according to the OP.
originally posted by: Unity_99
This entire system seems to be set up to ensure a good many children are desensitized, bullied, neglected, subjected to harshness, reactiveness, anger, and even outright abuses to break them.
And social workers, intervention often doesnt intervene when needed, but picks on relatively normal families that just need support. I've seen way too much.
Its all done by design IMO.
And alot of people think tough love is the answer, or harshness or disciplinarian tactics, but it actually misfires often. Fear isn't a good way to create well behaved adults, they might be quiet as young children, but they'll be reacting as teens.
2. WITHOUT that . . . the child is literally physiologically BRAIN DAMAGED--in the areas of the brain which manage EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION and which manage RELATIONSHIPS.
(D) They tend to be prey to addictions of every stripe--workaholism, alcoholism, drugs, perfectionism, bitterness, anger, rage-aholism, resentment, unforgiveness, idolatries of various people--and/or things--sports teams or figures--Hollyweed idols; rich people, etc. They vainly fantasize that IF they could be perfect enough or like XYZ idolized person, THEN they'd REALLY FINALLY BE WORTH something!