a reply to:
Consumer
What is consciousness? Does it reside somewhere in your mind or somewhere else? Is it an entity, emergent or something else? Is your reasoning
personally thought out or are you merely a Dennet fan?
I’ve conflated your first two posts in order to highlight a certain discrepancy. Though you mention consciousness in the first post, you seem to be
asking about free will (‘free choice’, as you put it). Your second post, made in reply to
TerryMcGuire, explicitly admits the existence of
consciousness and asks what it is.
There’s no denying that the two subjects are related. Consciousness would seem a necessary precondition for free will to exist. But is it, really?
Might it not be possible, depending on how you define your terms, for you to exert free choice
unconsciously? Based on personal observation I
believe it is, but I have never thought the question all the way through. It would be interesting to debate it with someone else and see where one
ended up. Frankly, I’m more interested in that than in discussing the modalities of consciousness, a rather outworn topic.
Your second post is an articulation of what is infamously known as the Hard Problem. It has bedevilled thinkers since the days of Anaxagoras -- at
least -- and we are no nearer a reliable answer in our day than they were in his.
There is, of course, plenty of evidence from research to show that we begin to act on our decisions before we are conscious of them. This does suggest
to us that consciousness is not only an emergent phenomenon (emergent from brute matter, that is), but an
epiphenomenon. Indeed, some of
Dennett’s camp-followers portray it as a kind of
post hoc home movie that has no material effect on external reality. Dennett’s own
interpretation is more nuanced.
The epiphenomenon need not even bear any true relation to the material world. As Descartes pointed out, the consistency of manifestations in the
physical universe, the fact that a square always has four sides or that heavy objects always fall to the ground, is no guarantee of the truth of these
manifestations or the validity of the universal laws they are purported to illustrate. The whole show could be an illusion created by some malevolent
but invisible power while reality, as in the
Matrix films, remains something utterly different from what we perceive it to be. There is, in
fact, some convincing theoretical work in evolutionary biology, based on Bayesian statistical analysis, which seems to demonstrate that sensory
systems are very unlikely to evolve to give an
accurate account of the physical environment; far more likely, they will evolve to provide
good-enough
approximations of reality, depending on the needs of the organism. This helps explain why bats, cats, naked mole rats and duckbill
platypuses all live in apparently different ‘worlds’.
But while these research-based ideas suggest that consciousness is just a passenger aboard the Reality Express, our own experience as passengers (that
is, as consciousnesses, disembodied or otherwise) argues strongly against that conclusion. It is a matter of common knowledge that one often makes a
decision, acts on it and sees the consequences of one’s action fall out just as predicted. We experience ourselves as free and willing agents, and
the universe fosters the perception by acting just as we expect it to. Quantum and chaotic processes provide the wiggle room for us to act at least
partially untrammelled by physical determinism; the future of the Universe was not specified in such detail at the Big Bang.
Finally, there are metaphysical and moral questions that a purely materialist approach to understanding the world cannot and should not address.
Scientific materialists (I am one to all practical intents) like to dismiss these questions as illegitimate or pretend they don’t exist, but they
will keep popping up in spite of our diligent efforts at whack-a-mole...
My own position is that there are aspects of the Hard Problem that will remain forever beyond the reach of empirical investigation. We shall never be
able to say with scientific authority what consciousness is. Sadly, that is the only kind of authority I am willing to countenance; magic, religion
and metaphysics are just fascinating bunkum to me. Unfortunately, their irrelevance does not guarantee the nonexistence of free will, non-emergent and
indeed eternal, disembodied consciousnesses, or even God Herself. Descartes’s argument works for metaphysical as well as physical logic.