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Rapid deterioration of the steel was a result of heating with oxidation in combination with intergranular melting due to the presence of sulfur. The formation of the eutectic mixture of iron oxide and iron sulfide lowers the temperature at which liquid can form in this steel. This strongly suggests that the temperatures in this region of the steel beam approached ~1000°C by a process similar to making a “blacksmith’s weld” in a hand forge.
There is nothing to ensure that the fuel and air in a diffuse flame are mixed in the
best ratio... This is why the temperatures in a residential fire are usually in the 500 °C to 650 °C range [Cote, 1992]. It is known that the WTC fire was a fuel-rich, diffuse flame as evidenced by the copious black smoke....
Here's another explosives expert, Danny Jowekno, that agrees with him:
We were told by the NIST report that fire caused one column to fail, and from that point we had a global collapse of the building in a classic implosion. I don't see how this could actually happen in real life. When we load a building, we have to have all of the support columns on a given load floor fail at the same time, within milliseconds of one another, and therefore the entire building comes down in a synchronized implosion.
The theory of a controlled demolition as the cause of the buildings collapse was ignored by FEMA, NIST, and the 9/11 Commission.
the best hypothesis [fire/debris-damagecaused collapse] has only a low probability of occurrence. Further research, investigation, and analyses are needed to resolve this issue.
The timing between the puffs is less than 0.2 seconds so air-expulsion due to collapsing floors (see Chertoff, 2005) is evidently excluded. Free-fall time for a floor to fall down to the next floor is significantly longer than 0.2 seconds: the equation for free fall, y = ½ gt2, yields a little over 0.6 seconds, as this is near the initiation of the collapse.
This link allows you to go through frame by frame and observe it for yourself. The antenna begins falling at frame 6, but the tower starts to fall at frame 8.
Review of videotape recordings of the collapse taken from various angles indicates that the transmission tower on top of the structure began to move downward and laterally slightly before movement was evident at the exterior wall. This suggests that collapse began with one or more failures in the central core area of the building.
What could have caused the 47 core columns to simultaneously fail? Fire damage? The odds of most if not all of those columns failing within less than a second of each other is astronomical, and for that to happen three times in the same day is quite possibly the most unlikely series of events that have occured in human history.
I would expect the center of the building to start moving first, and then as the implosion progresses, then the sides come in.
Firefigher Edward Cachia said the following:
There is an explosion at the base of the building… white smoke from the bottom…something happened at the base of the building! Then another explosion.
Here are dozens of witnesses reporting those explosions.
[We] thought there was like an internal detonation, explosives, because it went in succession, boom, boom, boom, boom, and then the tower came down…It actually gave at a lower floor, not the floor where the plane hit.
So those explosions couldn't have been caused by jet fuel.
The jet fuel probably burned out in less than 10 minutes.
The NIST team fairly admits that their report “does not actually include the structural behavior of the tower after the conditions for collapse initiation were reached.” (NIST, 2005, p. 80, fn. 12; emphasis added.) Quite a confession, since much of the external evidence for explosive demolition typically comes after collapse initiation, as seen in cases of acknowledged controlled demolition. (Harris, 2000.) The NIST report could be called the official "pre-collapse theory."
This phenomenon explained here and by Tom Sullivan is seen in the collapse of WTC 7.
[A good] option is to detonate the columns at the center of the building before the other columns so that the building's sides fall inward....
First the Penthouse falls, then the entire building falls in on itself. A kink or fault, which occurs when the core columns fail, is seen during the collapse of WTC 7.[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/10b76f1dd03c.jpg[/atsimg] FEMA agrees with this in Chapter 5 of their report:
There's the classic kink which means that the center core fails first
The core columns failing first in WTC 7 matches up with the core columns failing first in the World Trade Centers, as is seen with the antenna dropping first. The evidence backing up thermite weakening the columns of the World Trade Centers and then explosives finishing the job cannot be denied or overlooked.
The collapse of WTC 7 had a small debris field as the facade was pulled downward,
suggesting an internal failure and implosion…
There are also claims that steel casings and evidence of the explosives would be all over the debris piles, however once again Tom Sullivan proves those claims to be false:
You wouldn't need miles and miles of det. cord, you could have used wireless remote detonators, and they've been available for years.....and of course the military has them as well. Contractors don't use them on the other hand because they're just too expensive.
Well you wouldn't have found steel casings to be left in the rubble, they haven't been used for years. What we use now is RDX copper jacketed shape charges, and when they're initiated there's nothing left of those charges. And in the case of thermite, well thermite self-consuming cutting charges have been around since they first patented it in 1984.
However NIST explained how the jet fuel would only be present for a few minutes in ther report:
The conflagration, caused by the aircraft fuel spilled into the structure, causes the steel of the columns to be exposed to sustained temperatures apparently exceeding 800°C…
So the burning jet fuel wasn't capable of heating the steel to temperatures above 800°C. NIST also mentions in their report how the burning office materials would be consumed in 15-20 minutes.
The initial jet fuel fires themselves lasted at most a few minutes
Notice anything? They didn't explain how "more than half of the columns" could "suffer buckling". There were 47 steel core columns, as well as 240 perimeter columns. Don't forget, these 24+ failures would have to occur simultaneously to cause the near-symmetrical collapse that we see. The likelihood of fires causing this damage is next to impossible, however the likelihood of a controlled demolition causing this damage is 100%.
Once more than half of the columns in the critical floor.. suffer buckling (stage 3), the weight of the upper part of the structure above this floor can no longer be supported, and so the upper part starts falling down onto the lower part below…
NIST determined that there was no evidence that any of the samples had reached temperatures above 600 ºC.
Early news reports had indicated that a high pressure, 24-inch gas main was located in the vicinity of the building [WTC 7]; however, this proved not to be true.
Despite the fact that the experiment showed their theory doesn't play out in reality, they stuck with it. Not only did they ignore the experiment, but NIST manipulated the computerized models until it fit their theory. That's what I call science
NIST contracted with Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. to conduct tests to obtain information on the fire endurance of trusses like those in the WTC towers… All four test specimens sustained the maximum design load for approximately 2 hours without collapsing......Nonetheless, the [empirical test] results established that this type of assembly was capable of sustaining a large gravity load, without collapsing, for a substantial period of time relative to the duration of the fires in any given location on September 11.
The Investigation Team then defined three cases for each building by combining the middle, less severe, and more severe values of the influential variables. Upon a preliminary examination of the middle cases, it became clear that the towers would likely remain standing. The less severe cases were discarded after the aircraft impact results were compared to observed events.
So they tweaked their models until the building collapsed. This is the extent of the "open and thorough" investigation that our government provided. This is the evidence backing their theories, and yes, millions of people believe it, and call anybody that questions it crazy. Unbelievable.
To the extent that the simulations deviated from the photographic evidence or eyewitness reports [e.g., complete collapse occurred], the investigators adjusted the input, but only within the range of physical reality. Thus, for instance,…the pulling forces on the perimeter columns by the sagging floors were adjusted... (NIST, 2005, p. 142; emphasis added.) The primary role of the floors in the collapse of the towers was to provide inward pull forces that induced inward bowing of perimeter columns.
So they manipulate the simulation until they reach the desired outcome, and then refuse to show it to anybody. Can somebody who believes the official story remind me why exactly you do?
World Trade Center disaster investigators [at NIST] are refusing to show computer visualizations of the collapse of the Twin Towers despite calls from leading structural and fire engineers, NCE has learned. Visualisations of collapse mechanisms are routinely used to validate the type of finite element analysis model used by the [NIST] investigators.
.....Wow, that's like a third of the world. I was actually thinking about this the other day, all of the countries that we've invaded. You know how back in the day, armies would just go around trying to conquer the world and take other countries over to get more land/power? What if that's still how it works today, but we don't just primitively invade like Neanderthals, and instead we orchestrate complicated excuses to invade?
The United States... since 1979 (has) attacked El Salvador (1980), Libya (1981), Sinai (1982), Lebanon (1982 1983), Egypt (1983), Grenada (1983), Honduras (1983), Chad (1983), Persian Gulf (1984), Libya (1986) , Bolivia (1986), Iran (1987), Persian Gulf (1987), Kuwait (1987), Iran (1988), Honduras (1988), Panama (1988), Libya (1989), Panama (1989), Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru (1989), Philippines (1989), Panama (1989-1990), Liberia (1990), Saudi Arabia (1990), Iraq (1991), Zaire (1991), Sierra Leone (1992), Somalia (1992), Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993 to present), Macedonia (1993), Haiti (1994), Macedonia (1994), Bosnia (1995), Liberia (1996), Central African Republic (1996), Albania (1997), Congo/Gabon (1997), Sierra Leon (1997), Cambodia (1997), Iraq (1998), Guinea/Bissau (1998), Kenya/Tanzania (1998 to 1999), Afghanistan/Sudan (1998), Liberia (1998), East Timor (1999), Serbia (1999), Sierra Leon (2000), Yemen (2000), East Timor (2000), Afghanistan (2001 to present), Yemen (2002), Philippines (2002) , Cote d'Ivoire (2002), Iraq (2003 to present), Liberia (2003), Georgia/Djibouti (2003), Haiti (2004), Georgia/Djibouti/Kenya/Ethiopia/Yemen/Eritrea War on Terror (2004), Pakistan drone attacks (2004 to present), Somalia (2007), South Ossetia/Georgia (2008)
I know, their experiments prove that fire cannot damage the building in the way that it must have in order for the official collapse theory to work. But all it takes is manipulating some computer models, withholding those models from the public, and millions of people believe what you say.
Don't you just love the fact that the evidence needed to prove that the towers were indeed demolished in a controlled fashion is available in the government investigation reports?
One argument I always hear official story believers say is "Oh, wow 1,500 architects and engineers, what about the millions of other architects and engineers that believe the official story", but it's not like that at all. The 1,500 number is the amount of architects and engineers that are actually a part of that group, and that number is steadlily increasing as more information becomes available.
If there are so many architects and engineers, professionals who actually have much to lose, who claim that this as fact, how can anyone who doesn't design or build structures for a living be comfortable in stating that they know what they are talking about?
Originally posted by TupacShakur
journalof911studies.com...
This paper written by Steven Jones and published in the Journal of 9/11 Studies explains why everybody should question the government sponsored reports explaining the 9/11 attacks. I'm going to summarize the main points and post the evidence that he includes as well as some of my own that backs up what he's saying. I would recommend reading the whole paper if you're interested in this topic because he explains it much better than I could ever try to.
Originally posted by trebor451
Man, there aren't enough "LOL"s in the world to address this piece of garbage. The same-old, same-old, 10 year-failure record trotted out, and you don't even have the courtesy to dress it up in a new outfit to try and make it at least *seem* different. I'm sure on the 20 year anniversary we'll get someone pushing a wheelbarrow of these tropes, with another 10 years added on.
Originally posted by trebor451
Originally posted by TupacShakur
journalof911studies.com...
This paper written by Steven Jones and published in the Journal of 9/11 Studies explains why everybody should question the government sponsored reports explaining the 9/11 attacks. I'm going to summarize the main points and post the evidence that he includes as well as some of my own that backs up what he's saying. I would recommend reading the whole paper if you're interested in this topic because he explains it much better than I could ever try to.
Man, there aren't enough "LOL"s in the world to address this piece of garbage. The same-old, same-old, 10 year-failure record trotted out, and you don't even have the courtesy to dress it up in a new outfit to try and make it at least *seem* different. I'm sure on the 20 year anniversary we'll get someone pushing a wheelbarrow of these tropes, with another 10 years added on.
These laugh lines have been debunked more times then Carter has pills. In a nutshell, that one where you keep on saying that no skyscraper has ever fallen due to fire - WITHOUT MENTIONING THEY HAD ALSO BEEN HIT BY 7X7-class AIRCRAFT is enough to highlight the intellectual dishonesty and really childish thought process that goes on with these fantasies. Bldg 7 was hit and damaged by a falling 1,300 tall building a couple hundred feet away. Consolidated Edison's unique cantilevered support structure for Bldg 7 is ignored, as well.
Keep it up, boys! You crack me up!
If that's the case, why didn't you debunk at least one then? Because this thread makes a very strong case that the destruction of the towers had to have been a controlled demolition.
These laugh lines have been debunked more times then Carter has pills.
Intellectually dishonest? No, the paper isn't hiding the fact that an airplane hit the building. The jet fuel burned out in a few minutes anyway, so it was just a plain old fire in those buildings.
In a nutshell, that one where you keep on saying that no skyscraper has ever fallen due to fire - WITHOUT MENTIONING THEY HAD ALSO BEEN HIT BY 7X7-class AIRCRAFT is enough to highlight the intellectual dishonesty and really childish thought process that goes on with these fantasies.
Building 7 also fell symmetrically at free-fall speed, a feat only achieved by controlled demolitioins. The idea that fires scattered randomly throughout the building can make it uniformly collapse is what deserves your "LOLs".
Bldg 7 was hit and damaged by a falling 1,300 tall building a couple hundred feet away. Consolidated Edison's unique cantilevered support structure for Bldg 7 is ignored, as well.
You say it's been debunked....but where's the debunking?
Very true, truthers seem to think by them repeating the same much debunked garbage it somehow means it will become true
That's why I addressed just that in the OP:
Except of course the truthers ignore the fact that it was cut during the clean up process, as has been explained and shown here many times before, but that would destroy their silly conspiracy!
Then I include an image of a charge being set up at an angle which would cut it to look just like that one. After that, I addressed the point that you just made:
The angle would be consisent with an implosion, because by cutting the core columns in certain ways, you can control how the tower falls.
Many claim that the angle of the cut was caused by workers using torches during the clean-up, however since I see piles of evidence suggesting an implosion, I believe that it was like that before the workers touched it. A testimony from firefighters who cut that steel column at that angle would be nice, but just saying that's what happened to it doesn't cut it.
Originally posted by spoor
Originally posted by trebor451
Man, there aren't enough "LOL"s in the world to address this piece of garbage. The same-old, same-old, 10 year-failure record trotted out, and you don't even have the courtesy to dress it up in a new outfit to try and make it at least *seem* different. I'm sure on the 20 year anniversary we'll get someone pushing a wheelbarrow of these tropes, with another 10 years added on.
Very true, truthers seem to think by them repeating the same much debunked garbage it somehow means it will become true
I love this sttatement
"This image shows a steel column that appears to have been cut by thermite."
Except of course the truthers ignore the fact that it was cut during the clean up process, as has been explained and shown here many times before, but that would destroy their silly conspiracy!
Then I include an image of a charge being set up at an angle which would cut it to look just like that one. After that, I addressed the point that you just made:
Yes sir, you nailed it. Steven Jones actually made the exact point that you just made in his paper, but of course I didn't want to put every single point he made into the thread.
The biggest problem with the cutting theory is the problem of the slag around that column. There is a lot of slag, more than would be expected from using an oxy-acetylene torch (if you could use it to cut things that thick).
The slag IS consistent with a thermic lance, but thermic lances don't cut straight edges like that.
But Tupac is right The most likely hypothesis at this point is demolition, and this is consistent with demolition but not consistent with known cutting techniques that I have been able to track down.
So in my eyes the burden of proof is with those trying to prove it was cut post facto.
(Notice especially the uneven cut at the back of the
column and the clinging previously-molten metal on both the outside AND the inside of the
column, left photo, suggesting this was NOT cut using an oxy-acetylene torch, but rather that a
highly exothermic chemical reaction was involved in cutting through this steel column.)
Originally posted by dillweed
We are getting stronger every day.
Originally posted by ontarff
Who cut the steel column afterwards? Why? Who are the witnesses? There should be video or a couple of pictures of their work. What agency or company do they work for? I have not seen the information posted in any of the threads. Don't make a statement unless you have the facts to back it up. Post a link at least with the external text.
Originally posted by trebor451
Originally posted by dillweed
We are getting stronger every day.
Something is getting stronger....the stench that is the decaying Truth movement. Looking at the absolutely hilarious efforts of the 9/11 "Truth" movement to gather up some sort of enthusiasm for a NYC Ground Zero protest (imagine that... a "protest" on a commorative anniversary.....talk about a classy move) keeps me chuckling day in and day out.
"Gettign stronger every day." Yep. Sure.