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War Definition
a. A state of open, armed, often prolonged conflict carried on between nations, states, or parties.
b. The period of such conflict.
c. The techniques and procedures of war; military science.
Survival Definition However, a survival war is a bit different, a survival war is a war that is fought, because if you do not fight, you will die, and not only you, but your group, your ethnicity, your religions and your liberties will all perish. Basically its a war of survival, not a war to be fought over land, oil, goods or anything. It’s just a war to live.
1. the act or fact of surviving, esp. under adverse or unusual circumstances.
2. a person or thing that survives or endures, esp. an ancient custom, observance, belief, or the like.
After the Germans killed their parents and two brothers in the Nowogrodek ghetto in December 1941, three surviving brothers of the Bielski family -- Tuvia (1906-1987), Asael (1908-1945), Zus (1910-1995) **Aron (1927- )** -- established a partisan group. Initially, the Bielski brothers attempted only to save their own lives and those of their family members. They fled to the nearby Zabielovo and Perelaz forests, where they formed the nucleus of a partisan detachment consisting at first of about 30 family members and friends.
LINK But I assure you that their was definately tension by this decision as depicted in the movie. Zus was very much of a macho man and had very strong bravdo and sway about him. Their is no doubt that he wanted to be charge of the group, but none the less he did what he felt was right and helped his brother, rather than arguing with him.
The family members chose former Zionist activist Tuvia Bielski, a Polish Army veteran and a charismatic leader, to command the group. His brother Asael became his deputy, while Zus was placed in charge of reconnaissance.
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The Bielskis had been a Jewish farming family in the nearby village of Stankiewicze, and the brothers knew the region well. Their familiarity with its geography, customs, and people helped them elude the German authorities and their Belorussian auxiliaries. With the help of non-Jewish Belorussian friends, they were able to acquire guns. The Bielski partisans later supplemented these arms with captured German weapons, Soviet weapons, and equipment supplied by Soviet partisans.
Tuvia Bielski saw his principal mission as saving the lives of his fellow Jews. The Bielskis encouraged Jews in nearby Lida, Nowogrodek, Minsk, Iwie, Mir, Baranowicze, and other ghettos to escape and join them in the forest. Bielski frequently sent guides into the ghettos to escort people to the forest. In late 1942, a special mission saved over a hundred Jews from the Iwie ghetto just as the Germans planned to liquidate it. Bielski scouts constantly searched the roads for Jewish escapees in need of protection.
Many Jews hiding in the forests in smaller family groups joined the Bielski group; Jewish partisans serving in Soviet partisan organizations also fell in with the Bielskis in an attempt to escape antisemitism in their units. The stream of Jewish survivors increased the size of the Bielski group to more than 300 people by the end of 1942.
Until the summer of 1943, the group led a nomadic existence in the forest. In August 1943, however, the Germans began a massive manhunt directed against Russian, Polish, and Jewish partisans in the region. They deployed more than 20,000 military personnel and SS and police officials. Moreover, they offered a reward of 100,000 Reichmarks for information leading to Tuvia Bielski’s capture. The Bielski group, which had increased to approximately 700 Jews, was especially vulnerable to discovery by the German patrols. The group feared in part that the local peasants from whom they obtained food might betray them. As a result, the Bielski group moved in December 1943 to what became a permanent base in the Naliboki Forest, a swampy, scarcely accessible region on the right bank of the Niemen River, east of Lida and northeast of Nowogrodek.
It was in this primitive and unlikely setting that the Bielski group created a community. Despite some opposition from within the group, Tuvia Bielski never wavered in his determination to accept and protect all Jewish refugees, regardless of age or gender. The Bielskis never turned anyone away, permitting the creation of a mobile family “camp” -- in effect, a Jewish community in the forest. The group organized the skilled workers among the Jewish refugees into workshops, which employed at least 200 people, including cobblers, tailors, carpenters, leather workers, and blacksmiths.
In addition, the group established a mill, a bakery, and a laundry. The leadership managed a primitive infirmary, a school for the children, a synagogue, and even a courthouse/jail. Work groups supplied the camp with food and cleared the land where possible for the cultivation of wheat and barley.
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Bielski refused Soviet requests to provide an operations unit from among the approximately 150 men in his group who engaged in armed operations. He did not wish to abandon the married men, the women, and the children, for he knew that they could not survive without the armed protection of the armed men in his group. This concern was another reason for him in 1943 to draw his entire group deeper into the most inaccessible regions of the forest. Subsequently, although the group remained de facto united and under Tuvia Bielski’s command, they formally split into the “Kalinin” and “Ordzhonikidze” detachments of the Kirov Brigade of Soviet partisans.
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On June 22, 1944, Soviet troops initiated a massive offensive in Eastern Belorussia. Within six weeks, the Soviet Army had destroyed the German Army Group Center and swept westward to the Vistula River in Poland, liberating all of Belorussia. At the time of liberation, the Bielski group had reached its peak of 1,230 people. More than 70 percent were women, elderly persons, and children, who otherwise would have perished under the German occupation. An estimated 50 members of the Bielski group were killed, an unusually low casualty rate in comparison not only with other partisan detachments but also with Jewish groups in the region.
After World War II, in 1945 Tuvia and Zus Bielski emigrated with their families to Palestine. They both fought in the Israeli armed forces during the 1948 war that established the Israeli state. They subsequently immigrated to the United States. Asael was drafted into the Soviet Army. He died on the front in East Prussia in February 1945.
Psychology of Leaders
A psychoanalyst and anthropologist, Maccoby is a Washington-based consultant on leadership to businesses, governments and unions.
He has a PhD from Harvard, where he directed the program on technology, public policy and human development from 1978-90. He studied psychoanalysis with Erich Fromm and is the author of several books, including The Gamesman and The Leader.
"Certainly in American history, leadership comes out of crisis," he says, pointing to Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. "Now we've seen that with Giuliani."
Maccoby emphasizes, "What is crucial in this kind of situation is that a leader binds the anxiety that people feel. There's a lot of anxiety, particularly in this kind of situation where you don't have a direct enemy face to face.
"You can't fight and you can't run. So you have this anxiety that makes people become depressed and feel powerless. And Giuliani right away bound that anxiety. You bind anxiety by focusing, by turning it into activity."
Scientific American
In the past, leadership scholars considered charisma, intelligence and other personality traits to be the key to effective leadership. Accordingly, these academics thought that good leaders use their inborn talents to dominate followers and tell them what to do, with the goal either of injecting them with enthusiasm and willpower that they would otherwise lack or of enforcing compliance. Such theories suggest that leaders with sufficient character and will can triumph over whatever reality they confront.
In recent years, however, a new picture of leadership has emerged, one that better accounts for leadership performance. In this alternative view, effective leaders must work to understand the values and opinions of their followers—rather than assuming absolute authority—to enable a productive dialogue with followers about what the group embodies and stands for and thus how it should act. By leadership, we mean the ability to shape what followers actually want to do, not the act of enforcing compliance using rewards and punishments.
Psychology of Leadership
Leadership in the mind - the psychology of leadership
We spend a lot of time thinking about leadership - it must be important to us.
When things go wrong, we blame leaders - a useful scapegoat.
When we feel anxious or lost, we look to leaders to make us feel better.
Anxiety grows with work pressure, hence the growing cry for leadership.
What does it say about us that we so strongly need leaders?
Why do we need them so much?
How does our need for leadership differ from hero worship?
How can we grow and develop if we depend on leaders to save us?
We naturally form ourselves into hierarchies - just like all primates and a lot of other animals.
We disempower ourselves if we equate leadership with hierarchical position.
Basically, managers occupy positions. Leaders are free-floating, somewhat rebellious, agents of change.
Traditional leadership theory is paternalistic - we want someone in charge of us who is a substitute parent - usually a father figure.
Admired leaders look after us, inspire us, make us feel good. We seek their approval, just like we did our fathers.
But this model of leadership is profoundly disempowering.
Hence why we need to get rid of it. Even if we can't erase our dependency needs, we can at least stop calling such people leaders. Soothing our anxieties is not leadership. Championing change, challenging the status quo as Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela did to their respective governments - that is leadership.
Being in charge doesn't make you a leader, just a manager.
We cannot afford revenge, not now. We cannot afford to lose friends. Our revenge is to live. We may be hunted like animals, but we will not become animals
We hear "leaders are made, not born", but clearly there are natural born leaders among us, possessing qualities such as Beilski here. I noticed some of the characteristics listed included powerful human emotions such as FAITH, and HOPE, and his ability to keep those alive, never losing sight of them. I imagine he distributed them freely.
Originally posted by ladyinwaiting
While I appreciate your sharing about your childhood, I also wonder if you have developed an obsession or fixation with war. You were still at an impressionable age when your father began teaching you about war...and this was someone who had been traumatized by it, as is evidenced by his alcoholism upon return, which was true of many of the Viet Nam veterans at that time. Are you sure you have not inadvertently internalized his anxieties?
If this is too personal, please forgive me. You can alway choose not to respond. But, the way you are living now. Is it happy for you?
My best to you.
liw