Ancient tomb designed to flood - sheds light on water cult

Archaeologists in Peru believed that they had discovered something special when unearthing the tomb of a Pre-Incan priestess and eight other corpses. After digging beneath the remains of the tomb however, they made a more important discovery - uncovering a basement designed to flood by an ancient water cult.

"This is a very valuable finding," said Carlos Wester La Torre, head of the excavation and director of the Brüning National Archaeological Museum in the Lambayeque region—a region named after the little-known culture that built the stacked tomb. "The amount of information of this funerary complex is very important, because it changes [what we know of] the political and religious structures of the Andean region."

The nearly 800-year-old basement burial sheds light on complex Lambayeque social structures and on the worship of water in the culture. Four sets of waterlogged human remains were found in the flooded tomb, one adorned with pearl and shell beads—indicators of wealth or status. The other three corpses likely were intended to accompany the body into the next world. The faces of both elite individuals, in the lower and upper tombs, were covered with copper sheets, and wore earspools bearing similar, wavelike designs. While other saturated burial sites have been discovered in the region, this is the first documented discovery of a stacked grave holding revered people, according to archaeologist Izumi Shimada, a Lambayeque expert at Southern Illinois University who was not part of the excavation team.

Water worship

The Lambayeque, sometimes called the Sicán, had carved out a home along the drought-prone Peruvian coast nearly a hundred years before the Inca arrived. The stacked tomb sits in a sprawling ceremonial complex called Chotuna-Chornancap, close to the modern city of Chiclayo (map). The spiritual center's coastal location, water-themed art, and recently discovered grave may help round out the creation story of the Lambayeque. According to folklore, their mythical founder, Naymlap, arrived on a raft from the sea and walked on crushed Spondylus shells—a ritual item treasured throughout the Andes. When he died he turned into a bird.

"These concepts—birds and water—are part of their beliefs and help them understand life and death," dig leader Wester La Torre said.

Wester La Torre also observed that the grave contained piles of shells and wave embossed golden ear spools, to add more evidence to the importance of water to the Lambayeque. He stated that they knew the tomb, and that it was below the water table - leading to the assumption that they likely wanted it to flood, perhaps to add to the region's agricultural stability. He goes on to further to explain the history and significance of these findings in their societal and religious structure:

This Lambayeque, after all, thrived for nearly 600 years—from A.D. 800 to 1375—in a mercurial environment. To grow food in the desert, they built complex and extensive irrigation systems. And rare periods of torrential rain could wreak nearly as much havoc as the persistent aridity. The practice of a groundwater burial could also link the Lambayeque to that later Andean culture, the Inca, Wester La Torre said.

"The Inca believed that the dead became a seed, which sprouted new life," he explained. "The way that this person was buried suggests the same process of fertilization, in which the seed, the person, is reborn."

Stacked burial

Nearly a year ago, Wester La Torre discovered the first tomb 16 feet (5 meters) underground. While digging deeper for artifacts, his team found the lower tomb under the water table, at that time just 20 feet (6 meters) below the surface. Stacked burials are highly unusual in Andean archaeology, according to Wester La Torre and Shimada. Typically elite tombs are found in isolation.

While archaeologists have not yet determined the sex of the person in the flooded tomb, Wester La Torre said the individual may have been related to the important woman overhead. Alternatively, the two may have shared a religious, commercial, or political relationship, such as a succession of power.

Changing tides

As La Torre is confident that the Lambayeque intentionally placed the burial sites in ground water, other archaeologists are skeptical:

Some archaeologists say modern agriculture may have raised the water table, meaning the original grave would have been dry. The more cropland farmers irrigate, the more run-off they see percolating into the soil and underground reservoirs.

University of Southern Illinois professor of anthropology, Izumi Shimada, questions the history of some of the findings:

"What we don't really know is the water table 800 years ago," says Southern Illinois University's Shimada. "We don't know where it was." Regardless of water levels, Shimada said, "the single most important aspect of this superimposed tomb is that both [burials] date to a time period that is still not well known. It is one of the very few elite tombs dating to the Late Sicán.

The article goes on to state the conclusions and history of the findings:

Having reached the height of their power, the Sicán were buffeted by a drought and huge flood roughly around A.D. 1100. The disasters launched the culture into a "period of chaos and decline," Shimada said. The capital moved to a new location, and the civilization entered its late period. Although the Lambayeque's territory shrank, their society remained a power in the region, archaeologists say—and the new tomb discovery appears to back them up.

A fascinating look into the customs of the Lambayeque people of Peru in my honest opinion. I had never heard of the Lambayeque before reading the source material, and found their culture to be very intriguing to say the least.

Original link to this story is here:
news.nationalgeographic.com...

Very interesting.I wonder how true it is that the water table has risin and that the tomb would have been dry?Any way nice find S&F

reply to post by lonegurkha


Hard to say really. I Wouldn't like the idea of water flooding my burial chamber (if some day I had one) though. Water and human remains can be a very bad thing. The story was interesting in that water was also a possible focal point of their religion though.

That is very interesting, and i have never heard of this before. A few questions and thoughts spring to mind. However, one thing that I was thinking is that those people in the underground water tomb could have actually been a ceremonial sacrifice kind of like to please the rain and bring favorable conditions, and each of them although sacrificed close together relativly speaking may have actually been a few years apart. (If this idea was expressed in any one of the excerpts you found then i am sorry, I read fast and may have missed it)