Great thread, if only it would make an impact where it matters. I'd like to add something that I wrote for my wife's project. It deals more with the
finance part of it or whatever, but some might find it interesting.
The United States is currently in the midst of one of the worst financial crisis in history. The news is filled with reports regarding the devaluing
of the American Dollar, the rising national debt and what we owe to other superpowers like China due to them buying our "toxic assets". Our elected
leaders within the federal government claim to be doing everything they can to cut spending, however Republicans and Democrats cannot come to an
agreement as to what should be cut and as a result, an imminent government shutdown looms due to the inability to come to a consensus regarding next
year's federal budget. Many government programs are topic for debate when it come to cuts; Department of Defense funding, Medicare and Medicaid,
Social Security, even education. Yet a 15 billion dollar a year elephant stands in the middle of the room, and it represents our country's failing
war on drugs. I wish to present the monetary waste that goes into this "war" and that by ending it by drug legalization, the United States would not
only save billions, but could also make billions as well via taxation, as we do with alcohol and tobacco, thus injecting much needed revenue into the
U.S. economy.
An attempt by the federal government to wage a war against a public vice has all happened before in 1919 with the passing of the National Prohibition
Act. This act prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. It's passage caused an uproar amongst the population, as
many citizens felt that it was a violation of their constitutional rights. Additionally, due to public concern regarding criminal behavior, such as
organized crime, and the general discontent caused by the outlaw of alcohol, the law was overturned 14 years later. As a result, state and federal
governments decided to imposed a tax on the sale of alcohol, thus generating revenue. That move in itself has been so effective that in 2008 alone,
the federal government earned over 5 billion dollars on the taxation from the sale of alcohol. (The Urban Institue-Brookings Institution Tax Policy
Center, 2010).
Many similarities exist between the prohibition and our current war on drugs. Both were unpopular, difficult to enforce and cost a lot of money. The
biggest issue that concerned both was the increase in crime. During the prohibition, organized crime, reports of corruption within the courts and
local police were common, and we hear the same thing today. (Vollmer, 1931) Crime in general as it related to alcohol was on the rise and the same can
be said now in the case of crimes involving illegal drugs. In fact, in the year 1999 alone the F.B.I, just one of the many United States law
enforcement agencies which handle drug enforcement, reported approximately 1.5 million arrests for crimes related to drug abuse violations, 36
percent higher than in 1990. (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1999) . Based on our history, we should be able to see that attempting to take away
something from the people that they want and will do anyway, no matter the consequences, is a fruitless endeavor that does nothing except make
matters worse. As you are about to see, this senseless war on drugs is an extremely expensive endeavor. Who is paying for this? You and I, the
American taxpayers, and it costs a lot of money.
The Federal Government has numerous bodies and agencies in place to combat the war on drugs, spending approximately 15 billion dollars in 2010 alone.
(Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) The two primary recipients of American tax dollars are The Office of National Drug
Control Policy (ONDCP) and the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). The ONDCP, which was established in 1988, can be considered the war on drugs overall
manager, as it oversees the nation's anti-drug efforts and establishes a program, budget, and guidelines for cooperation among federal, state, and
local organizations. It also sets forth policy for the implantation of prevention, treatment, recovery, and market disruption programs which are
funded by the federal government. In 2010 these programs cost us 428 million dollars. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011).
The DEA, whose mission is to enforce drug laws and regulations of the United States and to bring to justice those who violate the laws both
domestically and internationally, was allocated a budget of 2 billion dollars in 2010. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011).
As crime rises due to drug control, so do the costs. An example can be seen with DEA's staffing and budget increases from 1972 to 2009. In 1972, the
DEA had a staff of 2,775 employees with a budget of 65 million dollars. In contrast, the year 2009 was at 10,784 employees with a budget of 2 billion
dollars. (DEA Staffing & Budget, 2009). The above examples just cover spending as it pertains to enforcement and policy making , and all things
considered, 15 billion dollars a year is a huge amount of money and encompasses a lot of manpower being thrown at an issue that refuses to go away,
especially in a time when every dollar counts. Common sense should tell us that if something isn't working, then it's time to try something else.
Yet, more and more money and time is being squandered yearly, and the amount only gets bigger once you factor in correctional measures. In the year
2000, 57% of the population incarcerated in federal prisons were serving time for drug offenses ( which includes possession and distribution), with
each individual serving an average of seven years. (Smith & Motivans, 2006) Some might think that's a good thing and that the war on drugs is
working, however, paying for a prisoners room and board is not cheap, and at $22,632 a year per prisoner, the amount spent adds up quick. (Stephan,
2004)
So, that is where your money is going every year. Government sponsored prevention, treatment and recovery programs, federal law enforcement, and
federal correctional facilities. Where is the profit in this? It is quite obvious that the assumed problem is not getting any better, or cheaper to
combat for that matter, so why continue? Is it morals? If so, it's not our Governments place to dictate between right and wrong. That should be on an
individual. I honestly believe that it would be in the governments best interests to legalize, regulate and tax drugs. This in itself could be the
shot in the arm our economy has needed.
There are many proponents of drug legalization, mainly marijuana, as many deem its adverse health effects to be no worse than cigarettes. Not only
that, but data obtained from the USMS shows that marijuana alone is the number two drug which was involved in all drug related arrests. (Smith &
Motivans, 2006) So obviously it would make sense to legalize one that would generate more revenue.
Numerous studies have been conducted which detail the proposed legalization of marijuana and its ability to make money via taxation. One such study
was conducted by Harvard's Department of Economics and not only covered federal spending and profits, but state as well. It goes to show that if
marijuana were taxed at the same rates as alcohol and tobacco, the government could gain six billion dollars annually. (Miron, 2005) The savings due
to ending the criminal persecution is also shown, stating that the federal government alone would save an estimated $2.4 billion a year. (Miron,
2005)This report also raises a very interesting statement, which just goes to show how the prohibition of marijuana is a waste of time and money by
stating "For example, under current rules regarding parole and probation, a positive urine test for marijuana can send a parolee or probationer to
prison, regardless of the original offense. These rules might change under legalization, implying additional reductions in government expenditure."
(Miron, 2005) Additional reports have been published discussing not only the legalization of marijuana, but all drugs. One such report, The Budgetary
Impact of Ending Drug Prohibition which was prepared by the Cato institute, showed that it is estimated that the government would save $15.6 billion
in law enforcement expenditures should all drugs be legalized with an additional revenue via taxation of $46 billion annually. And that is just on
the federal level. (Waldock & Miron, 2010). The interesting thing about this report is that it deals with both federal and state governments, and
closes by saying The total impact of drug legalization on government budgets would be approximately $88 billion per year. And as we can see all around
us, its not just the federal government having monetary issues, but the individual states are having trouble as well, and drug legalization could very
well be the solution. After all, it should be quite apparent that the war on drugs has been ineffective thus far.
As we saw during the prohibition, when alcohol was outlawed, crime flourished and money was wasted by attempting to enforce the law, but when the
prohibition was repealed, crime went down and money was made. Could the same thing happen with regards to illegal drugs? I think so, and many other do
too. Public opinion today shows that 43% of Americans support the legalisation of Marijuana (Rasmussen, 43% Say Marijuana Should Be Legalized, 42%
Disagree, 2010), an increase from the year before. (Rasmussen, 41% Favor Legalizing and Taxing Marijuana, 2009). With that being said, lets go back to
the Wickersham report for a moment. In the report, while disscussing societies discontenet it was said "From the beginning ours has been a government
of public opinion. We expect legislation to conform to public opinion, not public opinion to yield to legislation." (Vollmer, 1931) It would appear
that many Americans are waking up to the fact that rather than our government cutting bits and pieces from other federal programs in hopes that money
will be saved, perhaps it is time to do away with a whole program and make money in the process. Besides, who has granted our government the authority
to decide what you and I can and cannot do. Why can we consume alcohol, which has been responsible for 22,073 deaths in 2006? (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, 2009) Why can we purcahse and use tobacco products, which caused 443,000 people to die prematurely or from exposure to
secondhand smoke. On top of that, another 8.6 million live with a serious illness caused by smoking. (Centers for Disease Control, 2011) In contrast,
it's been reported that in all the medical literature available, there is no case describing a proven, documented death contributed to marijuana.
(YOUNG, 1988) Already, numerous states have made efforts to legalize marijuana for medicinal purposes, which is a solid first step in ending the war
on drugs. However, problems are encountered when states take action simply because federal law trumps state. Therefore legalization would be the most
effective if it was done simultaneously on the federal level, with states enacting their own laws in support of federal regulations.
It should be apparent by statistics alone that wasted manpower, tax dollars and time has gone into fighting the war on drugs. To add insult to injury,
this wastefulness is happening at a time when federal spending is at an all time high and drastic measures are being enacted or imposed in order to
reign in our budget. I strongly feel that the United States should end its wasteful war on drugs, and take the same steps they did with alcohol after
the repeal of the prohibition in order to generate revenue. Representative Ron Paul said it best when making comparisons between the alcohol
prohibition and the war on drugs when saying:
Repeal of alcohol prohibition certainly did organized crime no favors. So too today, if we wanted to pull the rug out from under violent drug cartels,
create legitimate job opportunities in place of the black market, realign the priorities of law enforcement, and make room in prison for the people
that ought to be there, we need to end the insanity of the War on Drugs.
It's my sincere hope that others politicians wake up to the realization that drug prohibition, when mandated by the federal, is a wasteful endeavor
that does more harm than good.