I wrote the following:
Debt vs Budget Deficit
Every year the government has a federal budget. The Budget of the U.S. Government is the president’s proposal that recommends funding levels of
various federal programs for the next fiscal year, beginning October 1st. A deficit is the difference between the money Government takes in and what
the Government spends each year. Receipts include the money the Government takes in from income, excise and social insurance taxes as well as fees and
other income. Federal spending includes social security and Medicare benefits along with all other spending ranging from medical research to interest
payments on the debt. The total accumulated public debt is the combined deficits that have not been paid back each year. As the government draws its
income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers.
Public Debt
The US has a near 1.3 trillion dollar budget shortfall in the financial year that ended in September 2010. That was equal to 8.9 percent of gross
domestic product GDP.1 This was brought on mostly by the government spending on bailouts and stimulus packages, the growth of the structural deficit
as the government has refused to raise taxes as much as is spent on public services and transfers combined with a shortfall of tax revenue because of
high unemployment in the US.2 As of 9/30/2010 the accumulated debt was approximately 13.6 trillion dollars.3 According to the International Monetary
Fund calculations, the US debt/GDP ratio in 2009 was 83.2% and is predicted to climb to 109.7% by 2015.4 The federal debt is larger to the relative
size of the economy than it has been in more than 50 years—and is headed higher.
According to the Congressional Budget Office it predicts that cutting taxes and increasing government spending would only increase government debt in
the long run. Therefore alternatives to these options would provide an economic boost but will still increase debt in the short term.5 A combination
of tax increases and spending cuts will be needed to avoid the unsustainable debt, but the higher the debt climbs before action is taken the more
likely it is that we will find ourselves in an economic crisis and the more painful the unavoidable response is. In the article, “Public Debt – A
Potential Crisis in the Making?” by Philipp Wörz, the author explains that the only options left for nations with higher debt are fiscal pain,
inflation and default.2 Fiscal pain is the raising of taxes and cutting government spending to build a primary budget surplus. Inflation occurs when
banks print money to pay down debt at the cost of inflation. Default refers to when government does nothing.
On October 4, 2010 Chairman Ben S. Bernanke gave a speech on our current fiscal rules and policies and their sustainability. He described the effects
of the increasing debt if new policies are not given:
[…] Failing to address our unsustainable fiscal situation exposes our country to serious economic costs and risks. In the short run, as I have
noted, concerns and uncertainty about exploding future deficits could make households, businesses, and investors more cautious about spending, capital
investment, and hiring. In the longer term, a rising level of government debt relative to national income is likely to put upward pressure on interest
rates and thus inhibit capital formation, productivity, and economic growth. Larger government deficits increase our reliance on foreign lenders, all
else being equal, implying that the share of U.S. national income devoted to paying interest to foreign investors will increase over time. Income paid
to foreign investors is not available for domestic consumption or investment. And an increasingly large cost of servicing a growing national debt
means that the adjustments, when they come, could be sharp and disruptive. For example, large tax increases that might be imposed to cover the rising
interest on the debt would slow potential growth by reducing incentives to work, save, hire, and invest. Finally, a large federal debt decreases the
flexibility of policymakers to temporarily increase spending as needed to address future emergencies, such as recessions, wars, or natural disasters.
[…] 6
A 24-strong Committee on the Fiscal Future of the United States is urging the government to take action on the mounting debt issue. The panel of
economic experts finished a 2-year study headed by the National Research Council and the National Academy of Public Administration. They agree that
the government must raise taxes or cut government spending to curb its debt, or else face a dollar crisis. Investors could lose confidence in the
economy and the nation’s ability to keep to its obligations, pushing up interest rates and causing a steep fall in the value of the dollar as
international creditors seek safer returns elsewhere. The committee identified curbing Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security spending as being the
top challenge.7
Sources
1.
www.cbo.gov...
2.
www.moneyweb.com...
3.
www.treasurydirect.gov...
4.
www.imf.org... pg. 13
5.
www.cbo.gov...
6.
www.federalreserve.gov...
7.
www.reuters.com...
edit on 22-10-2010 by The Quiet Storm because: (no reason given)
edit on 22-10-2010 by The Quiet Storm because: (no reason
given)