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crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently", i.e. it is behaviour that has been labelled criminal because it is contrary to shared norms, social values, and customs. Robertson (1989:123) maintains that a crime is nothing more than "...an act that contravenes a law." Generally speaking, deviancy is criminalized when it is too disruptive and has proved uncontrollable through informal sanctions.
During 2005, criminal cases were commenced against 91,578 defendants in U.S. district court. Most (88%) were charged with a felony offense. Thirty-four percent of felony defendants were charged with a drug offense; 38% of all defendants were charged with a public-order offense -- including 20% with an immigration offense and 11% with a weapons offense. Fourteen percent were charged with a property offense.
Defendants in cases concluded in U.S. district court
Violent Property Drug Public order*
1980 2,871 13,544 7,119 15,638
1981 3,022 13,851 8,077 15,887
1982 3,111 15,340 8,987 15,301
1983 2,737 16,384 9,774 16,963
1984 2,814 15,969 11,361 18,380
1985 2,871 16,250 12,984 19,009
1986 2,818 17,286 14,746 19,202
1987 2,850 17,175 16,443 18,153
1988 2,697 16,261 16,710 18,524
1989 2,805 16,188 19,750 18,916
1990 2,857 16,128 20,035 19,684
1991 3,124 15,749 21,203 20,115
1992 3,601 16,876 22,728 19,910
1993 3,581 17,440 24,127 19,484
1994 3,367 16,545 21,854 19,907
1995 3,041 15,777 19,569 18,964
1996 3,091 16,149 21,718 20,440
1997 3,482 17,521 23,528 20,361
1998 3,470 17,165 25,500 23,530
1999 3,093 17,321 28,352 26,866
2000 2,964 16,664 28,381 28,861
2001 2,977 16,347 29,290 28,450
2002 2,927 16,871 30,775 29,783
2003 3,040 16,868 30,508 34,690
2004 2,962 15,774 29,309 35,346
2005 3,304 14,669 30,129 38,578
Note: Includes all cases handled by U.S. district court judges and Class A misdemeanors handled by U.S. magistrates. Beginning with 1994, the data reported are based on the Federal fiscal year beginning October 1; prior years' data are based on the calendar year.
TREASON, RIOT, DISORDERLY CONDUCT AND RELATED OFFENSES
166.005 Treason
166.015 Riot
166.023 Disorderly conduct in the first degree
166.025 Disorderly conduct in the second degree
166.065 Harassment
166.075 Abuse of venerated objects
166.076 Abuse of a memorial to the dead
166.085 Abuse of corpse in the second degree
166.087 Abuse of corpse in the first degree
166.090 Telephonic harassment
166.095 Misconduct with emergency telephone calls
166.116 Interfering with public transportation
INTIMIDATION
166.155 Intimidation in the second degree
166.165 Intimidation in the first degree