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At the time of his death however when looking at his will, we begin to see the real possibilities emerge that something was worth the time to investigate. Strong critics challenged even his last will and testament stating that his gifts to fellow actors were inserted between the lines and added in after his death.
Is it possible that William Shakespeare was simply an acting pawn in the game set up by the higher Noble's as it was not an accepted practice for them to write drama and romance and did often use not only pen names but people as well to hide their nobility or title?
As I stated above, there were many names brought to the table and for various reasons either because of their understanding of the intricacies of the higher courts and understanding of the aristocratic life styles or military ingenuity, all out of the scope for William Shakespeare's frame of reference. Remember in the 16th century, they had little contact outside their own lives and William being born of low chaste would not have had the information which was so richly imbued throughout the plays and poetry, which does make a strong power point for discovering who is responsible for authorship.
William Shakespeare was born in April, 1564, the oldest son of John Shakespeare. His father, a glover, trader, and landowner, married Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowner of Wilmcote. John Shakespeare was ambitious, and he filled many municipal offices in Stratford including that of burgess, which privileged him to educate his children without charge at the King's New School in Stratford. He rose by election to the position of Alderman in 1565; and in 1568 he was elected Bailiff (equivalent to mayor), and in that year he made an application to the Herald's office for a grant of arms. In his position as Bailiff he was responsible for licensing companies of actors who applied to play in the Guild Hall.
William Shakespeare married Ann Hathaway in November, 1582, and six months later their daughter, Susanna, was born. Two other children were born, the twins Hamnet and Judith, in February, 1585. Sometime after this he joined a troupe of players and made his way to London. As a member of London's leading theater company, the Lord Chamberlain's Company, he wrote plays and eventually became a sharer in the Globe theater. He was so successful that in 1596 he successfully renewed his father's application for a grant of arms, and the following year he bought and restored New Place, the second-largest house in Stratford. He also bought other real estate in Stratford and London. Shakespeare semi-retired from London life some time around 1610. He died 23 April 1616, disposing of his large estate in his will.
In 1602, Peter Brooke, the York Herald, accused Sir William Dethick, the Garter King-of-Arms, of elevating base persons to the gentry.
1. What do other nobles have to gain from publishing their works under Shakespeare’s name?
2. Do you agree that Shakespeare was not of low caste, but rather the son of a rapidly rising nouveau-riche family?
3. If any other author had actually written the works of Shakespeare, why did they continue to do so even after it was evident that they were wildly popular? Why not simply take the spoils for themselves?
I question the validity of this assertion, and posit that it is no more than conjecture. The executor of the will and a public notary would have been called in to examine the will. Presumably they found no truth in the claims of forgery, and subsequently Shakespeare’s will was executed as he intended.
- In the Stratford man’s will, noteworthy for its detailed disposition of household furniture, there is no mention of books, library, manuscripts, or of any literary interest. Indeed, the only theatrical connection there appears as an interlined bequest to three actors.The only specimens of William Shakspere’s handwriting to come down to us are six almost illegible signatures, each formed differently from the others, and each from the latter period of his life (none earlier than 1612). Three of these signatures are on his will, one is on a deposition in someone else’s breach of promise case, and two are on property documents. None of these has anything to do with literature. The first syllable, incidentally, in all these signatures is spelled “Shak”, whereas the published plays and poems consistently spell the name “Shake”.
The effigy itself is of doubtful authenticity, in today's monument it is a half-length bust of a man with an upturned
moustache and goatee. He holds a large quill pen in one hand and a sheet of paper in the other. For some reason both hands rest on what quite clearly represents a pillow. This effigy, however, is almost certainly not what was originally erected in the church.
An early engraving of it shows a man with a drooping moustache clutching what appears to be a sack of wool or grain, and Will
Shakspere was a grain dealer.
The landed gentry would, if anything, have published their works through one of their servants (thus retaining control of the fruits of their labour). Surely at any rate, the landed gentry would never have all published their works through one man (Shakespeare).
This brings us to the chief pretender and claimant : De Vere. A playwright and poet in his own right, sponsor of two acting companies and a musician to boot. Why would he choose to publish under the name of William Shakespeare instead of his own?
WITS RECREATION (1640) published this anonymous epigram:
To Mr. William Shake-speare
Shake-speare we must be silent in thy praise,
"Do (Stratfordian biographers) ever seriously ask themselves...
SHIPWRECK IN THE WATERS OF ORTHODOXY...
Furthermore it was perfectly acceptable for a noble to be a poet, yet it was not sociably acceptable to be a playwright.
By the early 1580s his financial position had become very straitened, perhaps chiefly through his lack of financial sense. His younger children were provided for by Burghley, with whom he remained friendly even after Anne’s death (June 1588) and his own remarriage in 1591 or 1592. In 1586 Queen Elizabeth granted him an annuity of £1,000.
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (12 April 1550 – 24 June 1604) was an Elizabethan courtier, playwright, poet, sportsman, patron of numerous writers, and sponsor of at least two acting companies, Oxford's Men and Oxford's Boys
And that his father was in fact a lowly educated man with geographic and social limitations of his simple village. A glove maker that kept his family illiterate
Shakespeare’s name was also spelled Shakspere, Shaksper and Shake-speare, as spelling in Elizabethan times was not fixed and absolute. See Greg, Walter Wilson, "Old Plays and New Editions," The Library
Unfortunately for the Oxfordians, the idea that Shakespeare was an aristocratic writer, or that he was particularly accurate in his depiction of aristocrats, is unknown before the 19th century. Indeed, critics from the 17th century onward depicted Shakespeare as a "natural" genius, and often criticized what they saw as his lack of court knowledge. For example, one of the earliest explicit mention of Shakespeare's accuracy in that regard is found in the writings of John Dryden, whose "Of Dramatic Poesie" (1668) compared the writings of Beaumont and Fletcher to those of Shakespeare. There, the dramatist and Poet Laureate wrote that "they understood and imitated the conversation of Gentlemen much better." Later, in his "Essay on the Dramatic Poetry of the Last Age" (1673), Dryden wrote: "I cannot find that any of them have been conversant in courts.”
THE PICTURES OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE WHAT DID HE REALLY LOOK LIKE?
As Shakespeare did not come from a noble background no portraits or pictures of the Bard or any members of his family were commissioned. Neither is there any evidence that Shakespeare commissioned his own portrait or pictures in his later prosperous years. There is no evidence
that a portrait or pictures were ever painted of the Bard whilst he was still alive nor is there any written description of his physical appearance. The following images or pictures of William Shakespeare were all apparently crafted after his death. The pictures portrayed of Shakespeare differ dramatically. Additional information regarding pictures of Shakepeare can be found on the section regarding the First Folio
THE DROESHOUT ENGRAVING PICTURE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
The copper engraving picture of the Bard by Martin Droeshout was published on the title page of
the First Folio in 1623. The First Folio was produced by Hemminge and Condell fellow actors of the Bard as a dedication to the plays of William Shakespeare. Droeshout was only 15 when Shakespeare died and it is doubtful whether he ever met the Bard.
I ask you, where are the handwritten notes, manuscripts, letters from well wishers, devoted fans and fellow playwrights and actors, bankers, investors and friends? There are none. There never were any, what there was had only to do with a few mundane squabbles in court over petty matters.
I would also love to say that this man of little educational background somehow miraculously had the genius to imagine great things from his little corner of the globe and was able to construct plays and sonnets from his limited experience of the vast world which Shakespeare radiates in his famous works, but it is simply not possible.
Renowned Spenser, lie a thought more nigh
To learned Chaucer, and rare Beaumont lie
A little nearer Spenser to make room
For Shakespeare in your threefold, fourfold tomb.
To lodge all four in one bed make a shift
Until Doomsday, for hardly will a fifth
Betwixt this day and that by fate be slain
For whom your curtains may be drawn again.
If your precedency in death doth bar
A fourth place in your sacred sepulcher,
Under this carved marble of thine own
Sleep rare tragedian Shakespeare, sleep alone,
Thy unmolested peace, unshared cave,
Possess as lord not tenant of thy grave,
That unto us and others it may be
Honor hereafter to be laid by thee.
Here Shakespeare lies whom none but Death could Shake,
And here shall lie till judgement all awake,
When the last trumpet doth unclose his eyes,
The wittiest poet in the world shall rise.
1605. The Merchant of Venice is performed twice at King James’ Court earning a commendation from the King. King Lear is believed to have been composed in this year and as is Macbeth, the play’s Scottish background and kind portrayal of ancestor Malcolm being intended as a celebration and honoring of King James Scottish ancestry.
1606. Antony And Cleopatra is composed.
1607. Hamlet and Richard III are performed aboard the British ship Dragon off the west coast of Africa at Sierra Leone.
1607-1608. Timon of Athens, Pericles and Coriolanus are composed .
1608. The King’s Men take on a twenty-one year lease of London’s first permanently enclosed theatre, the Blackfriars Theatre in this year.
Good friend of Iesus sake forbeare
To digg the dust encloased heare:
Blest be ye man yt spares thes stones
And curst be he yt moves my bones.
William Shaksper of Straford
Richard Bentley one time President of Chicago Bar Association and Editor of the American Bar Association journal, wrote in "Shakesper or Shakespesr Cross Examination" American Bar Association 1961:
"Nowhere apart from the words themselves was Shakesper or Shakespeare referred to during his lifetime either as a playwright or poet... No contemporary historian mentions either Shaksper or Shakespeare. We find no exteranl evidence to identify William Shaksper of Stratford or William Shakespeare the actor, as an author. During Shakspers entire life...not one of his contemporaries ever refrerred to him personally as a writer. Shaksper lived unknown as a literay man and died unnoticed."
[Shakespeare] HASN’T ANY HISTORY TO RECORD. There is no way of getting around that deadly fact. And no sane way has yet been discovered to getting around its formidable significance. Its quite plain significance… is, that Shakespeare had no prominence while he lived, and none until he had been dead two or three generations. The Plays enjoyed high fame from the beginning; and if he wrote them it seems a pity the world did not find it out. He ought to have explained that he was the author, and not merely a nom de plume for another man to hide behind. If he had been less intemperately solicitous about his bones, and more solicitous about his Works, it would have been better for his good name, and a kindness to us. The bones were not important. They will moulder away, they will turn to dust, but the Works will endure until the last sun goes down.”
Mark Twain
Richard Bentley one time President of Chicago Bar Association and Editor of the American Bar Association journal, wrote in "Shakesper or Shakespesr Cross Examination" American Bar Association 1961:
"Nowhere apart from the words themselves was Shakesper or Shakespeare referred to during his lifetime either as a playwright or poet... No contemporary historian mentions either Shaksper or Shakespeare. We find no exteranl evidence to identify William Shaksper of Stratford or William Shakespeare the actor, as an author. During Shakspers entire life...not one of his contemporaries ever referred to him personally as a writer. Shaksper lived unknown as a literary man and died unnoticed."
Antar vs. 44soulslayer.
First I'd like to offer a congrats to both fighters. It's a shame someone has to lose but I hope to see both again in the Debate Forum.
Opening comments were a little short on anything to judge. 44 did provide the basis for his argument and stuck to the guideline he set out quite well.
Antar follows with a brief summary of Shakespeare's life and starts to develop what her main argument will be throughout the debate. I thought it kind of strange that she limited herself to just De Veres as the Debate Title was Multiple Persons authored the works. Limiting herself to just one person actually went against the premise she was supposed to be arguing for. This is a point that worked against her throughout this debate as I read it.
44 stuck to the outlines that he provided in his opening for his side. He brought some strong evidence for Shakespeare being the man who wrote the works attributed to him and refuted Antars points well. Whether it was the contention that Shakespeare was a poor, uneducated man or that he had no mention during his life. His mention of his father obtaining a Coat of Arms for the family name also refutes Antars claims of being a poor family.
Unfortunately, Antar stuck to the line of reasoning that only De Veres could have wrote the plays and poems attributed to William Shakespeare, even mentioning that his family held all the works and released them over time posthumously. Another strike against her was that a lot of her links didn't work, at least for me.
Had the debate been titled someone else wrote the works of Shakespeare than antar would have had a much better argument but that wasn't the case. Due to this, I have to award this debate to 44soulslayer.
I was also surprised at the lack of Socratic Questions used in this debate. They can be a powerful tool if employed properly.
Congratulations to 44soulslayer and good luck in the next round.
The winner is; 44soulslayer
Opening statements;
No advantage to either debater,
Round One;
antar- A very informative post, but as the beginning of an argument, not a very well focused one. While antar gave us information that could support his/her argument, he/she also gave us information that was essentially irrelevant to their position. This can be dangerous in debate as you may be giving your opponent information to use against you. Also, by not keeping your own argument tight and lean, you risk losing yourself in your own argument. It also appears the antar is unclear about the topic. It seems antar is presenting evidence for another author of Shakespeare's works, not multiple authors for the works.
44soulslayer- Round one decisively goes to 44soulslayer. Well organized, lean, and he directly addresses antar's argument with rebuttal. 44soulslayer does not however, in this round, pick up on antars apparent deviation from the debate topic.
Round two;
antar- in this round, antar does address the points brought up by 44soulslayer. There is a problem however, with his external sources. The quotes were so short and out of context, (without links to the source) that I was unable to understand how they were evidence. I am sure there was a train of thought there, I simply could not get on the same track with what was presented. This may have been due to the mod edit, but not linking to the sources prevented me from going in and getting the information for myself. Antar also did little case building in this post. He primarily responded to his opponent. Response is important, but you run the risk of letting your opponent seize control of the debate if you do not spend time developing your own argument.
44soulslayer- Definitively wins the second round. No criticisms. Well organized, and breaking his posts into rebuttal and case building is a good strategy. It both helps the readers stay on course, and, even more importantly, it reminds the author to both rebut and case build.
Round three;
antar- in this round antar did little to address the case of his opponent, and little to address his own case. He/she seemed at a loss, and waxed poetic rather than actually continue to present evidence. I think that antar, who does have the more challenging side, arguing against convention, has rather given up.
44soulslayer-another clear win for the third round.
Closing;
antar- in closing, antar seems to have found hope. And sources. However appealing it may be to toss out lots of links in closing and say "here, read for yourself" this is not debate. It is the debaters job to sell us the argument. Not the authors of the debater's source material. It was a good attempt to save the day, but too little and too late.
44soulslayer- closing was a closing, with not much new argument, and none was needed. Brevity is not a bad thing if one has done ones work throughout the debate. And he/she did.
Summary-
Antar just needs to tighten up his/her game. I noticed no huge logical failings, there was some stretching done, but it was a difficult position, and one would expect some stretching would be needed to argue that side of the debate. Perhaps taking a cue from 44slayers technique of organizing ones posts into sections could be a useful tool for future debates to ensure one is covering all the bases. Formulating a game plan early on in the debate also would have helped. Antar seemed a bit at a loss often for what to do or say, and sometimes seemed to be putting out anything just to fill space, such as the first round with the blitz of information and the third round which really didnt add much to his/her argument.
44soulslayer really did an excellent job. Nice tight argument, not a lot of digression. Good sources. Well organized. Good use of language.
Neither debater ever did actually revert to the original topic, which was a matter of a single author vs multiple authors, but instead they seemed to mutually agree to switch the topic to "who is the real author," and the topic change went unchallenged.