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In 2009, the Russian space agency will launch a sample return mission nicknamed "Phobos-Grunt" to the Martian moon Phobos. According to plans, the spacecraft will land on Phobos, collect dirt and rocks from its surface, and then head back home. As it swoops by Earth in 2012, the spacecraft will release a capsule containing all the samples gathered on Phobos, to land on Earth.
Attached to the capsule for the entire 34 months of the journey will be a small, flat cylinder containing a collection of microbes carefully selected and sealed before launch. In its flight, the cylinder will be, in effect, a simulated space rock, subject to the same extreme conditions as a Martian meteoroid traveling to Earth. It is The Planetary Society's LIFE experiment.