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Originally posted by Essan
The mountaineers here will tell you that you need to be extremely fit to survive more than a few hours without an oxygen tank above 25,000ft - and even the best will succumb after a few days. And our atmosphere extends out a lot further than that.
Originally posted by zorgon
Top of Himalaya Mountains air is thin yet breathable
Originally posted by zorgon
Originally posted by Essan
The mountaineers here will tell you that you need to be extremely fit to survive more than a few hours without an oxygen tank above 25,000ft - and even the best will succumb after a few days. And our atmosphere extends out a lot further than that.
Marvelous Thank you for that that defines a starting point for me
A favorite diversion of amateur astronomers is to watch the moon eclipsing a star. When the star touches the moon's jagged edge, it winks out all at once with no preliminaries. Even the delicate instruments of professional astronomers cannot detect the slightest trace of dimming or wavering. But if an astronomer on the moon were to watch the earth eclipsing a star, he would see a different performance. The star would grow dim and reddish like the setting sun, and its light would be bent by refraction in the earth's atmosphere, making the star appear to shift its position.
The absence of such changes in stars eclipsed by the moon has long been offered as evidence that the moon has no atmosphere, or at least none that could be detected by instruments that use light. This negative report has now been changed slightly. In Britain's New Scientist, Physicist Bruce Elsmore of Cambridge University tells how the new technique of radio astronomy has detected and measured a very thin gas that surrounds the moon.
The Helpful Crab. The radio astronomers of Cambridge's famous Cavendish Laboratory started with the assumption that if the moon has any atmosphere at all, the atoms of gas in it will be ionized (split into electrically charged particles) by sunlight, just as they are in the thin upper fringe of the earth's atmosphere. Such an ionized gas will bend radio waves, and the amount of bending will give by calculation the density of the charged particles.
A fine opportunity came when the moon was scheduled to eclipse the Crab nebula, which is the 4th strongest concentrated source of radio waves in the sky. Watching with a radio telescope, the astronomers noted when the waves from the nebula were cut off by the moon. They reappeared on the other side in about one hour. Calculations showed that the nebula's radio waves had been bent very slightly: about 13 sec. of arc.
Soap-Bubble Film. The density of an atmosphere detected in this way depends partly on what gases it contains, and the radio waves give no such information. Elsmore points out that the moon's gravitation is too feeble to hold comparatively light gases like the oxygen and nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere. Any gas molecules that hang around the moon for long must be much heavier. But the moon may have in addition a temporary atmosphere made of helium and argon given off by radioactivity in the moon's rocks and of other light gases escaping from the moon's interior or contributed by the vaporization of meteors hitting the surface. Elsmore figures that if the moon's atmosphere is half permanent (heavy) and half temporary (light), it will be something like one five-trillionth (2 x 10¯¹³) as dense as the earth's atmosphere.
This barely detectable wisp of gas will offer colonists on the moon no shelter from solar X rays, meteors or other unpleasant features of space. If the earth's atmosphere were compressed to the density of steel, it would form an armor plating 49 in. thick, but the moon's meager atmosphere, compressed in the same way, would be only one-millionth as thick as the thinnest soap-bubble film.
Originally posted by Access Denied
[Note: I believe more recent data puts the Moon’s atmosphere closer to one trillionth of Earth’s]
Diurnal temperature range: >100 K to
Originally posted by zorgon
LOL I see we have made real progress here... before the argument was no way no how no atmosphere,
Now we are merely discussing HOW MUCH...
Total mass of atmosphere: ~25,000 kg
Surface pressure (night): 3 x 10^-15 bar (2 x 10^-12 torr)
Abundance at surface: 2 x 10^5 particles/cm^3
Originally posted by zorgon
Well your 'recent figures' is off to be sure... and the numbers in time are taken from NASA and refer to NASA's account of pressure not volume but why nit pic
Originally posted by zorgon
Here are the recent figures according to NASA
Diurnal temperature range: >100 K to
Originally posted by nightsider2007
carl sagan, a man who i greatly respect, had ideas of what life would look like on jupiter, and his ideas were fascinating.
and i would sooner trust carl sagan than john lear, so....
Originally posted by zorgon
Well John never had the idea to drop a nuclear bomb on the moon just to see if they could stir up organic signs of life...
Carl Sagan did just that with the help of the Air Force....
And you call US crazy?
Originally posted by nightsider2007
the air force wanted to nuke the moon just to intimidate the soviet union, and carl sagan wanted the use the explosion for scientific purposes. i really dont see anything wrong with that, and it was not his idea...
Originally posted by pippadee
They were not allowed to ''nuke'' the moon. The ET's would not allow it!! Not my words but those of US Air Force Colonel/ AEC Ross Diedrickson (quality control on Minuteman 1 2 and 3) See The Disclosure Project Witness Video.
Originally posted by pippadee
as your own article says, it was a plan made by the air force, and carl sagan only worked on the project.
Originally posted by nightsider2007
yeah, we should all listen to greer and his little cult...
it was an insane idea and would never have world wide public support...
Originally posted by zorgon
LOL You probably should... but then there could be a thousand insiders and professionals come forward and the skeptics would find a way to label everyone of them a kook or a fraud...