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Operational Tests - Manned Spacecraft Center and U. S. Department of Defense.
1. Chapel Bell (classified, Department of Defense test).
2. – 7. ---------------
"Chapel Bell" was with regard to their having similar usage
of transponder deployments as situated within the mutual gravity-well
(EM-L2/ME-L1 nullification zone), intended as accommodating their
S-Band-->Microwave transponders that were easily deployed…
Such S-Band-->microwave transponders as afforded by their relatively
small - Chapel Bell - deployments would have been nearly impossible for
others to have detected and, as such providing all of the necessary
directional signal capability along with wherever the required delay of
microwave data needed to get transmitted from that zone so as to appear
as if such were coming from near or even on the moon. Thus even the
best of Russian and/or amateur tracking and/or via whatever methods
would not have [been capable of detecting the signals].
ME-L1 is roughly 58~64,000 km away from the moon, thus so close that it
would be nearly impossible for ground radar to have detected such a
small item unless you were fully aware of the exact transponder
frequencies and timing or coded bytes or even analog data easily hidden
within the gauntlet of S-Band radar signals that everyone fully
expected to being targeted at the moon.