posted on May, 10 2007 @ 08:15 PM
True to my pledge to supplement my article “What is meant by ‘Antichrist’?” with a discussion of the usage and meaning of the prefix
“anti-“ in it’s first-century context, I proffer the following:
What is the proper meaning of “Antichrist”?
Consider the following discussion from Baron Porcelli’s “The Antichrist”, which he published in 1927:
(from Chapter 1, “Meaning of the Term”)
“The name ho antichristos, the Antichrist, is thus described by the learned Elliott [“Horae”]: ‘A name very notable. For it was not a
pseudo-Christ, as of those self-styled Christs (in professed exclusion and denial of Jesus Christ that the Lord declared would appear in Judaea before
the destruction of Jerusalem, and who did, in fact, appear there and then; but was a name of new formation, expressly compounded, it might seem, by
the Divine Spirit for the occasion, and as if to express some idea, through its etymological force, which no older word could so well express,
Antichrist; even as if he would appear some way as a Vice-Christ, in the mystic Temple or professing Church; and in that character act the usurper and
adversary against Christ’s true Church and Christ Himself. Nor did it fail to strengthen this anticipation that the Gnostic heresiarchs, and others
did in a subordinate sense act that very part already; by setting Christ practically aside, while in mouth confessing Him, and professing themselves
in His place the power, wisdom and salvation of God.’
“Elliott thus explains the Greek word Antichristos: ‘When anti is compounded with a noun signifying an agent of any kind, or functionary, the
compound word either signifies a vice-functionary, or a functionary of the same kind opposing, or sometimes both.
“’In the New Testament the only compounds of the kind are used in the sense of the first class of words; as anthupatos – Pro-consul – Acts
xiii. 7, 8, 12; xix. 38; and both on that account, and yet more because the old word, pseudo-Christ, would almost have expressed the idea of a
counter-Christ, I conclude that this must be St. John’s intended sense of Antichrist.’ ‘I must particularly beg the reader to bear in mind that
the word cannot with etymological propriety mean simply a person opposed to Christ; but either a vice-Christ, or counter-Christ, or both.’
‘The name – the then new and very singular name that John gave it, under divine inspiration, of Antichrist, while admitting the secondary senses
of an adversary of Christ, did yet primarily, indeed necessarily, indicate (according to the etymological formation of the word) that he would be so
through his being in some manner a Vice-Christ, or one professedly assuming the character, occupying the place, and fulfilling the functions, of
Christ. An excellent comment on its force and significance is furnished by the Romanists’ appellative of Anti-Pope (Greek, antipapa), an appellation
given in the sense not simply of an enemy to the Pope, but of a hostile self-substituted, usurping Pope, one occupying the proper Pope’s place,
receiving his honours and exercising his functions.’
“Such was the view generally adopted by the Fathers; whether in reference to the prophecies of Daniel, St. Paul, or St. John, they speak of the
grand enemy, therein alike prefigured, not as an Atheist so much, but rather as a usurper of Christ’s place before the world. So the Greek Fathers
generally, e.g., Irenaeus, v. 25 Hippolytus, Cyril, Chrysostom, Theodoret. The Latin Father did not enter into the proper force of the Greek compound,
and thus expounded it as ‘an adversary of the Lord,’ so Cyprian; or ‘opposed to Christ,’ so Augustine. Justin Martyr and Chrysostom use
antitheos, not as a professed rebel against God, but a usurper of His place, by blasphemously proclaiming himself equal to God.’
. . .