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Antarctic trip shows climate change effects
Hamburg (dpa) - An expedition has revealed the first evidence of biological changes under the sea caused by the collapse of ice shelves in the Antarctic due to global warming, according to German researchers.
Scientists searched 10,000 square kilometres of seabed that were covered for millennia by two massive roofs of ice, Larsen A and B.
The ice shelves disintegrated 12 and five years ago respectively, due to higher temperatures that have been linked to man-made global warming.
As the ice broke up, it made the region accessible for the first time, lifting the lid on the unique plants and creatures inhabiting this part of the ocean floor.
Southern Ocean current faces slowdown threat
HOBART, March 22 (Reuters) - The impact of global warming on the vast Southern Ocean around Antarctica is starting to pose a threat to ocean currents that distribute heat around the world, Australian scientists say, citing new deep-water data.
Melting ice-sheets and glaciers in Antarctica are releasing fresh water, interfering with the formation of dense "bottom water", which sinks 4-5 kilometres to the ocean floor and helps drive the world's ocean circulation system.
A slowdown in the system known as "overturning circulation" would affect the way the ocean, which absorbs 85 percent of atmospheric heat, carries heat around the globe.
Antarctic ice sheet 'thinning'
A PIECE of the Antarctic ice sheet the size of Texas is thinning, possibly due to global warming, and could cause the world's oceans to rise significantly, polar ice experts say.
They said "surprisingly rapid changes" were occurring in Antarctica's Amundsen Sea Embayment, which faces the southern Pacific Ocean, but that more study was needed to know how fast it was melting and how much it could cause the sea level to rise.
The warning came in a joint statement issued at the end of a conference of US and European polar ice experts at the University of Texas in Austin.
At first glance, cooling the already-coldest continent might not seem to make much difference. Researchers say, however, it's making life even tougher for the few hardy plants and animals that struggle to live in the Antarctic Dry Valleys, the continent's largest ice-free area. No plants or animals, only microbes, live on the ice that covers about 98% of Antarctica.
Also, the cooling helps illustrate how little is known about some important aspects of Antarctica's climate.
A new study appearing in Science (January 18, 2002) concludes that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is thickening, rather than thinning as was previously thought. Earlier studies found that in the Ross Sea Sector, "The grounding line (the point where the ice sheet loses contact with its bed and begins to float) has retreated nearly 1300 km along the western side of the Ross Embayment," since the last glacial maximum.
The new study used satellite remote sensing to get better measurements. Contrary to earlier studies, the authors found "strong evidence for ice-sheet growth (26.8 � 14.9 gigatons per year)." They conclude, "The overall positive mass balance may signal an end to the Holocene retreat of these ice streams."