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Manuel is happy to go along with the standard idea of the sun producing heat by fusing together hydrogen nuclei. He claims, however, that this is not the prime source of the sun's energy. Instead, he says that lurking at the centre of the sun is an extremely hot remnant of a supernova - the explosion of a giant star that detonated before the solar system was born. Measuring just eight to 16 kilometres across, this remnant makes up most of the sun's mass, according to Manuel, and its chief constituent is iron.
During the 1920s, astrophysicists trying to explain the sun's brightness found that the sums worked out if the sun was about 65 per cent iron and 35 per cent hydrogen.
Annoyingly, however, there was another possibility, with just 1 per cent iron and 99 per cent hydrogen and helium.