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Why does the Martian surface present both dark and light streaks, just as we see on Jupiter’s moon Europa? Experiments with laboratory arcs have shown that the discharges will “burn” soil, leaving a darkened look Though enigmatic to planetary scientists, such darkening is evident across vast regions of Mars. It is especially concentrated in regions of heavy dust devil tracks, typically appearing amid dense populations of small dark spots. In those regions where electric activity has burnt the soil directly, or where darkened material was raised into the atmosphere and then drifted back to the surface, the layer of such material is apparently quite thin. It is thus easy to imagine that when lower energy dust devils have subsequently moved across such surfaces, they removed the layer of dark material and exposed the original lighter soil below.
The charged sheath can also rip and twist metal structures under the ground surface protected from any wind, but fully exposed to the violent magnetic fields at the end of the vortex tube
On both Earth and Mars, dust devils form when the ground heats up during the day, warming the air just above the surface. But why does the rising air rotate, and how does this rotation achieve its impressive energy? Here is the conventional explanation: “Pockets of warm air rise and interfere with each other, sometimes causing one pocket or another to begin a swirling motion” (From a story at space.com, paraphrasing the work of William Farrell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and his research team.)
Pockets of rising warm air randomly “interfering” with each other can hardly be a compelling explanation for electrified dust devils’ power of rotation. Those offering the explanation are forgetting something—the measured electric field of the Earth. At sea level in dry air the field is about 100 volts per meter. The presence of this electric field means there is no need to generate charge separation in a dust devil. It already exists between the Earth and the ionosphere! When warm dry air rises from the surface the vertical movement of charged dust particles forms a weakly ionized plasma. It is a characteristic of plasma to shield electric fields within it by forming a thin “double layer” or sheath, where most of the electric field strength is concentrated. This is what researchers have found at the base of dust devils, where the field has been measured to rise as high as 4,000 volts per meter. An electric field of that strength near the earth is capable of lifting small charged dust particles and generating a vertical current. Rotation is electromagnetically induced between parallel vertical current streams to form a vortex – as we have noted in numerous prior references to rotating Birkeland Currents.