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The current language (as proposed in H.J.Res.36) is as follows:
SECTION 1
The liberty of parents to direct the upbringing, education, and care of their children is a fundamental right.
SECTION 2
The parental right to direct education includes the right to choose, as an alternative to public education, private, religious, or home schools, and the right to make reasonable choices within public schools for one's child.
SECTION 3
Neither the United States nor any State shall infringe these rights without demonstrating that its governmental interest as applied to the person is of the highest order and not otherwise served.
SECTION 4
The parental rights guaranteed by this article shall not be denied or abridged on account of disability.
SECTION 5
This article shall not be construed to apply to a parental action or decision that would end life
The U.S. Supreme Court and federal court rulings highlighted below recognize parents’ constitutional rights to the care, custody, and control of their children. See Guggenheim’s chapter for analysis of these and other cases, as well as an overview of child protection laws and how they affect parental rights.
Right to raise children as parents choose - cases listed at site
Right to make decisions about children - cases listed at site
Does the Constitution provide for parental and familial rights? The answer, according to case law, is yes. Parents have the right to care for, nurture, raise and guide their children. In the United States, the government and courts view parental rights as a part of liberty, that is, as a fundamental right that must be respected and followed to the greatest extent possible. In other words, only in extreme cases such as abuse or neglect, or imminent danger, may another authority interfere with a parent’s rights and liberty interests regarding the custody and care of their child.
This liberty interest is based on a tripod consisting of the 14th amendment to the constitution, the 5th amendment to the constitution and case law including Supreme Court rulings dating back to the past century.
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution. The standard for parental rights is based, in large part, on the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads in part:
“No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…”. The Supreme Court of the United States has consistently ruled that the 14th amendment’s wording of “liberty” and “due process” combine to guarantee parents the liberty, and therefore, the right, of raising their children, and that the state and others cannot infringe on that right without affording the due process of the law.
The 5th Amendment to the Constitution. The 5th Amendment to the Constitution again guarantees an individual’s rights, stating in part that no one may be “…deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…”. Judges have long ruled that this fundamental right of liberty applies to parents having the right to raise, care for, and educate their children.
Case Law. Parents’ rights to raise their children and issues of care and custody of their children under the law is considered a fundamental part of liberty. Due process is essential for protecting that liberty. The United States Supreme Court recognized this constitutional right of parents regarding their children in 1923 with a landmark case Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 399, 401, 67 L. Ed. 1042, 43 S. Ct. 625 (1923), where it stated that parents enjoyed the “liberty”, protected by “due process”, to raise their children and to “establish a home and bring up children” and further to “control the education of their own.”