Is Hell exothermic ???

I thought I'd share this with ATS Members:

The following is an actual question given on a University of Washington engineering mid term. The answer was so "profound" that the Professor shared it with colleagues, which is why we now have the pleasure of enjoying it as well.

Bonus Question:

Is Hell exothermic (gives off heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat)?

Most of the students wrote proofs of their beliefs using Boyle's Law (gas cools off when it expands and heats up when it is compressed) or some variant. One student, however, wrote the following:

"First, we need to know how the mass of Hell is changing in time. So we need to know the rate that souls are moving into Hell and the rate they are
leaving. I think that we can safely assume that once a soul gets to Hell, it will not leave. Therefore, no souls are leaving. As for how many souls are entering Hell, let's look at the different religions that exist in the world today. Some of these religions state that if you are not a member of their religion, you will go to Hell. Since there are more than one of these religions and since people do not belong to more than one religion, we can project that all souls go to Hell. With birth and death rates as they are, we can expect the number of souls in Hell to increase exponentially.

Now, we look at the rate of change of the volume in Hell because Boyle's Law states that in order for the temperature and pressure in Hell to stay the same, the volume of Hell has to expand as souls are added. This gives two possibilities:

1. If Hell is expanding at a slower rate than the rate at which souls enter Hell, then the temperature and pressure in Hell will increase until all Hell breaks loose.

2. Of course, if Hell is expanding at a rate faster than the increase of souls in Hell, then the temperature and pressure will drop until Hell freezes over.

So which is it?

If we accept the postulate given to me by Ms. Teresa Bujanski during my Freshman year, "...that it will be a cold day in Hell before I sleep with you.", and take into account the fact that I still have not succeeded in having sexual relations with her, then, #2 cannot be true, and thus I am sure that Hell is exothermic and will not freeze."

The student received the only "A" given.

Ycon, you obviously do not research what you're posting about. Do yourself a favor & really look into the subject of Hell & the current beliefs about it.

One good place to begin is the original Hebrew texts...A lot of different sites about the subject of Hell are also linked to: what-the-hell-is-hell.com...

This will be at least a good start for your research...Presuming that you actually intend to *do* any research at all...

This writing I am about to post belongs to "The Sizesaurus" Written by Stephen Strauss.

The English language treats Hell as a place where measure anomalies abound. Somehow Hadescan be both "hot as Hell" and "as cold as Hell". This contradiction has led some disgruntled Canadians to opine that Ottawa, their hot/cold capital, IS Hell, or at least Chicago north. But that is a discussion for another day. Our question is simpler: Is there a way of determining how hot Hell is, and how cold it would have to be for it to freeze over? It turns out there is a venerable calculation for the climate of Hell. It is attributed to a mysterious Mr. Wensel of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards and was reputedly made more than a half-century ago.
He proposed that the searing statementin Revalation 21:8, "But the fearful, and unbelieving...shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone," provided a temperature touchstone. In orderfor a lake of molten brimstone to exist, the temperature would have to be below 444.6 degrees C
(832.3 degrees F). For, if it were not, goes this arguement, the brimstone and vapor would ahve become a gas and not a lake.
However, Hell's relatively low temperature produces a divine anomaly. In Isaiah 30:26, there is a depiction of Heaven: "Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days." When all this heating multiplacation is rolled into one and the Stefan-Boltzmann fourth-power law for radiation is applied, it turns out that the angels are floating about in an ether heated to 525 degrees C (977 degrees F). Ergo, by this calculation it may be hot in Hell, but Heaven is even hotter.
Alas for the simple minds who would like to blithelydepress the pious with this paradox. It seems that every time someone gleefully trots out Mr. Wensel's numbers, some skeptics pointout hat an earthly assumption is at work-namely, that the pressure in Hell is the same as the pressure on the Earth's surface at sea level. And that surely is wrong, if for no other reason than Hades's placement in the area we euphemistically term "below." Under intense pressures, brimstone can stay liquid to 1,040 C (1,904 F), but it would take only about 4.2 atmospheres, which is a bit less than our veins can withstand without rupturing and less than 1/17 of the pressure a 50-kg (110-lb) woman would exert at the tips of her stiltetto heels, to make Hell hotter than Heaven.
But soft, if we assume that there is enough pressure-32 atmospheres-to reach the 1,040 C figure, then a series of back-of-the-envelope calculations indicates that the temperature would have to fall to about 116 C (about 241 F)-hotter thanthe temperature at which water boils at sea level- for the lakeof sulfur to turn solid. That goes up a bit if we increase the pressure enormously-something like 800 atmospheres-but it appears that 116 C (241 F) is about as cold as any reasonable Hell would get before its sulfur lakes froze over.
Thus we mgiht suggest that, the next time anyone complains about the muggy heat of an Ottawa or Chicago August, he or she should think again. however steamy the city gets, it is still much, mcuh colder than Hell.

Urban legend or no, that's hilarious!

Thanks for a good chuckle, Ycon.

Thanks Byrd, thats why I posted it, it was funny.

MDS, if I thought this was true and accurate, I would of posted it in the religion section. Where is your sense of humor?

It should be a good question if Hell was a place like another 1. Do you see Hell like a "normal " place, a physical place, subordinate to Physic Laws ?

And Hell is the opposite of Heaven. If Hell is hot, heavens are cold ?

This question, it's like to know who was the first. The egg or the chicken ?

THEOLOGICAL THERMODYNAMICS
This document reproduces two classics of science parody/humor. The first appeared in Applied Optics (1972, 11 A14). It applies the physics of thermodynamics to conclude that Heaven is hotter than Hell. The second is a response which combines Biblical evidence with thermodynamics to argue that, while heaven is devilishly hot, hell it hotter still. It appeared in the Journal of Irreproducible Results in 1979. While the first paper is well known, and available many places on the www, the follow up isn't as well known. It is included here, for the first time on the net, in the interest of fairly presenting both sides of this burning debate on a hot issue.


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Cartoon � 1988 by John C. Holden*
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HEAVEN IS HOTTER THAN HELL
The temperature of heaven can be rather accurately computed. Our authority is the Bible, Isaiah 30:26 reads, Moreover, the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold as the light of seven days. Thus, heaven receives from the moon as much radiation as the earth does from the sun, and in addition seven times seven (forty nine) times as much as the earth does from the sun, or fifty times in all. The light we receive from the moon is one ten-thousandth of the light we receive from the sun, so we can ignore that. With these data we can compute the temperature of heaven: The radiation falling on heaven will heat it to the point where the heat lost by radiation is just equal to the heat received by radiation. In other words, heaven loses fifty times as much heat as the earth by radiation. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann fourth power law for radiation

(H/E)4 = 50
where E is the absolute temperature of the earth, 300�K (273+27). This gives H the absolute temperature of heaven, as 798� absolute (525�C).

The exact temperature of hell cannot be computed but it must be less than 444.6�C, the temperature at which brimstone or sulfur changes from a liquid to a gas. Revelations 21:8: But the fearful and unbelieving... shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone." A lake of molten brimstone [sulfur] means that its temperature must be at or below the boiling point, which is 444.6�C. (Above that point, it would be a vapor, not a lake.)

We have then, temperature of heaven, 525�C (977�F). Temperature of hell, less than 445�F). Therefore heaven is hotter than hell.



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This version differs from some on the net, and has been faithfully copied from the version in Applied Optics. The misprint in the exponent of the equation has been corrected, and one insertion added, in square brackets. The author of this piece of humor is unknown. The Applied Optics version was prefaced by "The following reached your Managing Editor via John Howard (from) H. William Koch (from) Alan Bromley (from) an unnamed environmenetal physicist of several decades back." This places its origin as early as 1950.

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A REFUTATION OF THE PROOF THAT HEAVEN IS HOTTER THAN HELL
Dr. Tim Healey, F. R. C. R.; M. I. Nuc. E.
In Applied Optics (1972, 11 A14) there appeared a calculation of the respective temperatures of Heaven and Hell. That of Heaven was computed by substituting the values given in Isaiah 30 26 [1] in the Stefan-Boltzman radiation law, so that (H/E)4 = 50, where E, the absolute temperature of the Earth, is 300�K, whence the temperature of Heaven, H, is 798�K or 525�C. This is hard to find fault with.

The assessment of the temperature of Hell stands, I suggest, on less firm ground. As authority we use the data provided in Revelations 21 8 [2], so that the temperature of Hell seems to be 444.6�C�the temperature at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour�a temperature indeed which is sufficiently reliable to be used in the secondary calibration of pyrometers.

Now this last reckoning fails to follow the argument through. 444.6�C is the temperature at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour at normal atmospheric pressure. Have we any data as to the pressure likely to be found in Hell?

The answer is "Yes". A nineteenth century mathematician has already provided the groundwork for Us [3] and we may feel confident that by the year 2000 the total number of the damned will be at least 29,422,641,251,519,917,000 souls. Yet the area of the valley of Gehinnom [4] is only 7,000,000 square meters.

We can now apply these figures in the Ideal Gas Equation to calculate what the pressure will be in the valley of Gehinnom. Since surely some souls must have been damned since 1877 [5], the pressure can only have increased since these calculations were made and the equilibrium point on the phase diagram of sulfur must have shifted still further, so that if we can show that at a temperature of 525�C sulfur would still be liquid at the pressure calculated (which is a minimum value, remember). Hell (Gehinnom) is now cooler than Heaven.

Certain corrections must be applied first, however.

1. Neiht based his calculation on a date of creation of 1658 + 2326 - 1877 = 2107 BC (minimum). Counting generations in the Bible gives a date for the Creation of 4004 BC. However, atomic dating has shown that Olduvai man is at least 2 � 106 years old [6].

2. We should use a Fibonacci series for the expansion, not a simple doubling series. [7] The ancient Jewish laws against inbreeding also act in the same direction. [8]

3. By a fortunate coincidence, the effects of 1 and 2 cancel each other exactly. [9]

4. The human body is not an ideal gas, but

5. A good deal of it is gaseous at 525�C, and in any case,

6. It could well be that at very great pressures the external pressure may well exceed the pressure of electromagnetic repulsion, when different "gas" laws would apply. This merely explains how the Lord works in fitting so large a number of damned souls into so small a space [10] and it need not be quantitative.

In the calculation the following assumptions are made:

1. The average height can be taken as one meter. This seems a fair figure between the newborn babe and the fullgrown man.

2. The average space needed is about 30 cm � 20 cm. It seems unlikely that any closer packing could be achieved. Neiht uses a figure of 1/20 cubic meters per person, which is nearly identical with my independent assessment. Mine allows a neat cancellation, later.

3. I have assumed that not more than two layers of damned persons can be accommodated, since otherwise those in the middle layers would escape the full rigours of Hell.

So that,

The volume available in Gehenna is 60 � 106 � 2 m3 and

The original volume of the damned is 0.06 � 29.422641 � 1018m3

Then, at constant temperature (which we assume, taking equilibrium)

P1V1 = P2V2 or P2 = P1V1/V2

Substituting,

P2 = [29 � 6 � 1016] / [2 � 6 � 107] = 14.5 � 109 atmospheres

(1)
Now let us see what pressure is needed to liquefy sulfur vapour at 525�C.
We have, using the Clausius-Cleypeyron equation in its integrated form,

Log P = 7.43287 - 3268.2 / T

where P = pressure in mm Hg

and T = the elevated boiling point in �K,

so that

Log P = 7.43287 - (3268.2/798) = 3.3373813

whence,

P = 2174.607 mm Hg = 2.86 atmospheres

(2)
(1) is so much greater than (2) that Revelations 21 8 indicates a temperature very considerably higher than 525�C.
Thus, Hell is hotter than Heaven (which remains deucedly hot).


REFERENCES
1. "The light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold as the light of seven days..." The light of the moon is negligible in comparison with that of the sun.
2. "...the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death".

3. A Mathematical Proof of the Non-Existence of Hell from the writings of the free-thinker Neiht, born in Brussels, 1877. "The area of the valley of Jehoshaphat is 60,000,000 sq. ms. ... Supposing that each race originated with one couple only, one has five couples or ten people, and applying to them the principle of compound interest, up to the Flood there were 9,289,000 births in 1,658 years. Since the Flood up to our epoch 2,326 years have passed, during which, if only five couples survived, they would have produced 2,213,867,610,000 children. If these calculations are extended up to the year 2000, the resulting number is 34,326,414,259,675,172,000 which, together with the 9,289,000, makes 34,326,414,259,684,461,000 offspring. If one concedes, charitably, that all papists are saved, their number today being 1/7th of the population of the earth, that of the damned would be made up of those born before the Flood plus those born since the Flood up to the year 2000 minus the 117th of those born since the year 44, that of the birth of Christ: this number is 4,903,773,008,164,544,000, and the total of damned would be 29,422,641,251,519,917,000.

"The mean cubic area between a new-born infant and an adult is about 1/20th metre; the bulk of the damned above is equal to the mass of a sphere of radius 705,504 metres; that of the earth is 6,366,200 metres.

"If one puts back the origin of man, following certain German naturalists, to 80,000 years, the number of damned would form a cube three times the size of the earth.

"Now, how does one assemble the 34,326,414,260 millions risen on a surface of 60,000,000 sq. metres to judge them and how does one sink this mass of damned, through all manner of rock, to a depth of 5,660,660 metres?"

[4] The valley of Jehoshaphat is the Gehenna of the Jews (Jehennam in the Koran)�the place of eternal torment. The word is derived from Gehinnom = the valley of Hinnom where sacrifices were offered to Moloch (2 Corinthians 33 6) (= Adremmelech�the God of Sepharvaim). In later times, all manner of refuse was dumped there and fires were constantly maintained to consume it. The sulfurous stench and the fire was the original of the Christian concept of Hell. (The estimate of Nieht of Gehenna's area 60 � 106 sq. m. is wrong, according to measurements taken on the spot by the Editors).

[5] e.g. Dzhugashvili, Losif and DeSalvo, Albert H.

[6] Curtis G. H. and Evemden, J. F. in Nuclear Clocks USAEC Pp 40-41.

[7] Leonardo da Pisa Liber Abaci 1202 (Out of print).

[8] Leviticus 18 6 et seq.

[9] Westfall, R. S. Newton and the Fudge Factor. Science 1973 751 -758.

[10] "In my father's house are many mansions: If it were so I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you." John 14 2. Also, "Those things which are impossible with men, are possible with God" - Luke 18 27, and "...with God all things are possible." Matthew 19 26.


This paper appeared in The Journal of Irreproducible Results, Vol 25, No.4:17-18 Copyright � 1979 by The Journal of Irreproducible Results, Inc.


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These documents were scanned for OCR and edited by Donald Simanek. Report any errors to [email protected].

Originally posted by Toltec
4. The human body is not an ideal gas, but
5. A good deal of it is gaseous at 525�C

Anyone who goes to *that* much effort to calculate his point deserves kudos...I just wish Brian could try to be nearly as accurate with his "numerology". Besides, I got a "visual" on those points & readily concur.

Originally posted by Ycon
Thanks Byrd, thats why I posted it, it was funny.
MDS, if I thought this was true and accurate, I would of posted it in the religion section. Where is your sense of humor?

To be honest, it disappeared under the blasphemies of Brian & your support of him...Haven't *you* looked off to the left of my posts & seen my current mood-status?

Originally posted by ultra_phoenix
This question, it's like to know who was the first. The egg or the chicken ?

That one is easy to answer...Since fish have been laying eggs looooong before life started crawling out of the oceans to evolve into chickens, then the obvious answer is that EGGS were first!

then the question is: The egg or the fish?

Gee $tranger.

I was looking for this crucial answer.
MD gave it to me , and you...you... I hate you ! Now, I've a new crucial Q/A.

well hell is hot or so ive heard