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What happens in phase 0? Phase 0 of a clinical trial is done with a very small number of people, usually fewer than 15. Investigators use a very small dose of medication to make sure it isn’t harmful to humans before they start using it in higher doses for later phases. If the medication acts differently than expected, the investigators will likely to do some additional preclinical research before deciding whether to continue the trial. What happens in phase I? During phase I of a clinical trial, investigators spend several months looking at the effects of the medication on about 20 to 80 people who have no underlying health conditions. This phase aims to figure out the highest dose humans can take without serious side effects. Investigators monitor participants very closely to see how their bodies react to the medication during this phase. While preclinical research usually provides some general information about dosing, the effects of a medication on the human body can be unpredictable. In addition to evaluating safety and ideal dosage, investigators also look at the best way to administer the drug, such as orally, intravenously, or topically. According to the FDA, approximately 70 percentTrusted Source of medications move on to phase II. What happens in phase II? Phase II of a clinical trial involves several hundred participants who are living with the condition that the new medication is meant to treat. They’re usually given the same dose that was found to be safe in the previous phase. Investigators monitor participants for several months or years to see how effective the medication is and to gather more information about any side effects it might cause. While phase II involves more participants than earlier phases, it’s still not large enough to demonstrate the overall safety of a medication. However, the data collected during this phase helps investigators come up with methods for conducting phase III. The FDA estimates that about 33 percent Trusted Sourceof medications move on to phase III. ADVERTISEMENT What happens in phase III? Phase III of a clinical trial usually involves up to 3,000 participants who have the condition that the new medication is meant to treat. Trials in this phase can last for several years. The purpose of phase III is to evaluate how the new medication works in comparison to existing medications for the same condition. To move forward with the trial, investigators need to demonstrate that the medication is at least as safe and effective as existing treatment options. To do this, investigators use a process called randomization. This involves randomly choosing some participants to receive the new medication and others to receive an existing medication. Phase III trials are usually double-blind, which means that neither the participant nor the investigator knows which medication the participant is taking. This helps to eliminate bias when interpreting results. The FDA usually requires a phase III clinical trial before approving a new medication. Due to the larger number of participants and longer duration or phase III, rare and long-term side effects are more likely to show up during this phase. If investigators demonstrate that the medication is at least as safe and effective as others already on the market, the FDA will usually approve the medication. Roughly 25 to 30 percentTrusted Source of medications move on to phase IV. What happens in phase IV? Phase IV clinical trials happen after the FDA has approved medication. This phase involves thousands of participants and can last for many years. Investigators use this phase to get more information about the medication’s long-term safety, effectiveness, and any other benefits. The bottom line Clinical trials and their individual phases are a very important part of clinical research. They allow the safety and effectiveness of new drugs or treatments to be properly assessed before being approved for use in the general public.
originally posted by: Kurokage
a reply to: Asmodeus3
You don't seem to have a clue how vaccine trials and testing works do you?
Other than the amount of money spent to speed up moving onto the next testing phases please post with evidence how this differs to all other vaccine testing?
I await your next flip flopping......
You are defending Pfizer by proxy. And you're stretching out towards infinity to deny that these experimental Covid drugs aren't the reason for massive debilitating side effects being reported on an unprecedented scale, which is also defending Pfizer and Moderna even if you didn't intend it that way, that is the bottom line.
originally posted by: Kurokage
a reply to: Asmodeus3
You don't seem to have a clue how vaccine trials and testing works do you?
Other than the amount of money spent to speed up moving onto the next testing phases please post with evidence how this differs to all other vaccine testing?
I await your next flip flopping......
The Covid vaccine trials happened at breakneck speed, but they didn't skip any steps - they were able to move faster because so many people were involved and other projects were put aside.
originally posted by: Kurokage
a reply to: Terpene
How about posting a link to site or is that to much to ask?
Some are over simplified but they are all the same...
CDC
University of Oxford
NIH
British Heart foundation
WHO
Science Australia
RWJB Health
You are defending Pfizer by proxy. And you're stretching out towards infinity to deny that these experimental Covid drugs aren't the reason for massive debilitating side effects being reported on an unprecedented scale, which is also defending Pfizer and Moderna even if you didn't intend it that way, that is the bottom line
originally posted by: Kurokage
a reply to: Asmodeus3
You can't stop with your denial, flip flopping, attempts at insults and making threads drift can you?
This is a thread about a German Nurse commiting crimes and in my opinion, fraud.
You attempt to force your opinion onto others who don't agree with you. You've rambled on and on about knowing what the Judges and Nurse were thinking at court which is just your assumption and when other members don't agree you, you bombard them, like you're doing here, always attempting to have the last word even if that means moving the goal post when you're wrong.
Covid shot maker Moderna hails 'new paradigm' as its mRNA vaccine slashes risk of relapse or death in skin cancer patients by 44%
A cancer vaccine that uses the same technology as Covid shots has been shown to slash the risk of tumors returning in advanced melanoma patients.
The shot, combined with an immunotherapy drug, reduced the chance of relapse or death in sufferers after surgery by 44 percent, compared to the drug on its own
originally posted by: Kurokage
a reply to: Asmodeus3
The links I posted all describe how vaccination trials work (some are over simplified, but that could help you!). I'm not like you and I'm not trying to force my opinion onto others.
The Nurse was found guilty in a court of law and was also struck off by her professional body for fraudulantly injecting patients with a saline solution. You've made multiple claims knowing what the Judge must be thinking, that was purely an assumption on your part.
originally posted by: Oldcarpy2
a reply to: Asmodeus3
I don't know the applicable German law under which the Nurse was charged, or the relevant mitigating factors that the Chamber had to consider or any of the relevant sentencing guidelines that they had to consider.
Do you?
If not you are just speculating and projecting your own beliefs onto the case to further your own agenda.
So, I will treat your opinions on the case with all possible due respect.
The 39-year-old had additionally posted several social media posts where she openly emphasised her skeptical views regarding Covid-19 vaccines.
When questioned by police, she admitted to using saline solution but had said she only did it because she had accidentally broken a vial containing six shots and was ashamed to tell her colleagues.
She had also claimed that it was a one-time incident, but was immediately sacked after antibody tests that were carried out on the affected people confirmed authorities' suspicions.
The accused had shared various conspiracy theories on the Internet and on social media,” the court spokesperson said, per the Mail. “However, the chamber could not determine with the necessary certainty that this set of ideas was the motive for her actions and that she then acted to sabotage a vaccination campaign.”
originally posted by: Oldcarpy2
a reply to: Asmodeus3
No.
We know what she told the Police.
Like I said, do you claim to know about the relevant law etc that I just asked you about?
The accused had shared various conspiracy theories on the Internet and on social media,” the court spokesperson said, per the Mail. “However, the chamber could not determine with the necessary certainty that this set of ideas was the motive for her actions and that she then acted to sabotage a vaccination campaign.”