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Preservation frequency of tissue-like structures in vertebrate remains from the upper Campanian of Alberta: Dinosaur Park Formation
Abstract
In recent years, several papers have claimed that soft tissue can preserve within bone matrix of extinct vertebrates, some dating back over 100 million years. Work conducted on specimens from Montana suggested sediment type may influence preservation of original tissues and proteins. An alternative hypothesis is that soft tissue preservation may be linked to the time that a specimen is exposed to the environment prior to burial. The time of exposure can be estimated by the degree of disarticulation of a skeleton. A study was conducted to determine if these factors truly contribute to the preservation of soft tissue-like structures in the geological record. This study is not intended to verify the presence of proteins but is simply to determine how common are macrostructures that look like soft tissue preservation. Samples were placed into a 0.5 M solution of (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, disodium salt, dihydrate (EDTA) for two months to dissolve mineral components. All specimens studied were collected from the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) to minimize stratigraphic variation that may influence preservation. Dissolution of vertebrate remains sampled indicate an unexpectedly high rate of structural preservation. Fifteen dinosaur, two crocodilian, one fish, and one turtle were sampled for a total of nineteen specimens. Specimens were chosen based on sediment type and degree of articulation. Approximately half of the samples were recovered from sandstones, and the other half originated in mudstones. Additionally, approximately half of the samples were collected from articulated or closely associated skeletons, and the other half were taken from isolated bones or specimens from micro vertebrate sites. Of the nineteen specimens tested, eighteen specimens produced “vessel” structures, eighteen had extracellular organic-like matter, and seven revealed “osteocyte” structures. Although “vessel” and extracellular organic-like structures are not associated to a specific matrix type or degree of association,“osteocyte” structures appear to be associated more often with articulated/associated specimens, especially if they are preserved in sandstones.
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
It was DEMINERALIZED. And isotopic dating confirmed the age as millions of years old - no different than any other dinosaur.
Read the research paper.
originally posted by: AlienView
Second problem, except maybe for mental exercise, why would otherwise intelligent beings continue to debate two concepts, neither of which can be proven, ad infinitum, when the two concepts [ID and Evolution] seem to require each other as a YIN/YANG symbiosis. Maybe only a well advanced Taoist could answer that question ???
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
Cite a research paper that agrees with you. You can't.
Calculation of Equilibrium Constants for Isotopic Exchange Reactions
Jacob Bigeleisen and Maria Goeppert Mayer
Citation: The Journal of Chemical Physics 15, 261 (1947); doi: 10.1063/1.1746492
View online: dx.doi.org...
View Table of Contents: aip.scitation.org...
Published by the American Institute of Physics
Accurate and precise determination of isotopic ratios by MC‐ICP‐MS: A review
Lu Yang
Abstract
For many decades the accurate and precise determination of isotope ratios has remained a very strong interest to many researchers due to its important applications in earth, environmental, biological, archeological, and medical sciences. Traditionally, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been the technique of choice for achieving the highest accuracy and precision. However, recent developments in multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) have brought a new dimension to this field. In addition to its simple and robust sample introduction, high sample throughput, and high mass resolution, the flat‐topped peaks generated by this technique provide for accurate and precise determination of isotope ratios with precision reaching 0.001%, comparable to that achieved with TIMS. These features, in combination with the ability of the ICP source to ionize nearly all elements in the periodic table, have resulted in an increased use of MC‐ICP‐MS for such measurements in various sample matrices. To determine accurate and precise isotope ratios with MC‐ICP‐MS, utmost care must be exercised during sample preparation, optimization of the instrument, and mass bias corrections. Unfortunately, there are inconsistencies and errors evident in many MC‐ICP‐MS publications, including errors in mass bias correction models. This review examines “state‐of‐the‐art” methodologies presented in the literature for achievement of precise and accurate determinations of isotope ratios by MC‐ICP‐MS. Some general rules for such accurate and precise measurements are suggested, and calculations of combined uncertainty of the data using a few common mass bias correction models are outlined.
A rapid and reliable method for Pb isotopic analysis of peat and lichens by laser ablation-quadrupole-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for biomonitoring and sample screening
M E Kylander 1, D J Weiss, T E Jeffries, B Kober, A Dolgopolova, R Garcia-Sanchez, B J Coles
Abstract
An analytical protocol for rapid and reliable laser ablation-quadrupole (LA-Q)- and multi-collector (MC-) inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of Pb isotope ratios ((207)Pb/(206)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb) in peats and lichens is developed. This technique is applicable to source tracing atmospheric Pb deposition in biomonitoring studies and sample screening. Reference materials and environmental samples were dry ashed and pressed into pellets for introduction by laser ablation. No binder was used to reduce contamination. LA-MC-ICP-MS internal and external precisions were
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
You just crashed all of modern physics including quantum mechanics. Do realize what an idiot you are?
Calculation of Equilibrium Constants for Isotopic Exchange Reactions
Jacob Bigeleisen and Maria Goeppert Mayer
Citation: The Journal of Chemical Physics 15, 261 (1947); doi: 10.1063/1.1746492
View online: dx.doi.org...
View Table of Contents: aip.scitation.org...
Published by the American Institute of Physics
web.gps.caltech.edu...
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
Read the article. If you can't figure it out, then it's your problem.
originally posted by: Phantom423
Accurate and precise determination of isotopic ratios by MC‐ICP‐MS: A review
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
Write them a letter. In fact, why not give them a call to tell them they don't know an original concentration so their work is bogus. Your crackpot "science" will show through once again.