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T-cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the function of our immune system. When T-cells are activated by coming into contact with defective or foreign cells in the body, they attack them, helping us fight off infection and disease.
In T-cell therapy – the most common form of which is called CAR-T (for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells), scientists hijack and augment this natural function of T-cells to steer them towards tumour cells in particular.
In CAR-T treatments, doctors extract T-cells from patients' blood, genetically engineering them in the lab to make them specifically identify and target cancer cells. The edited T-cells are then multiplied in the lab before being administered to patients.
Some of the limitations of the CAR-T technique are that the edited T-cells are only able to recognise a few kinds of cancer, and the entire therapy needs to be personalised for different people because of a T-cell receptor (TCR) called human leukocyte antigen (HLA).
HLA is what enables T-cells to detect cancer cells, but it varies between individuals. And that's where this new discovery comes in.
In the new study, led by scientists at Cardiff University in the UK, researchers used CRISPR–Cas9 screening to discover a new kind of TCR in T-cells: a receptor molecule called MR1.
MR1 functions similarly to HLA in terms of scanning and recognising cancer cells, but one big difference is that, unlike HLA, it doesn't vary in the human population – which means it could potentially form the basis of a T-cell therapy that works for a much broader range of people (in theory, at least).
In lab tests using human cells, the MR1-equipped T-cells "killed the multiple cancer cell lines tested (lung, melanoma, leukaemia, colon, breast, prostate, bone and ovarian) that did not share a common HLA," the authors write in their paper.
originally posted by: Stupidsecrets
originally posted by: weirdguy
originally posted by: Stupidsecrets
a reply to: weirdguy
Used in patients in several years. Patients is not the whole planet. It will take a long time to upscale it. 10 or more and that is being generous. They are not even done testing. It could totally backfire.
ummm, not several years. Patient trials hopefully at the end of this year....
The Cardiff group hope to trial this new approach in patients towards the end of this year following further safety testing.
www.cardiff.ac.uk...
Everyone has cancer in some form. It may not be killing them but they have it. The ones that it is killing, even if it was approved today, not enough resources to treat everyone. There will be a waiting list.
Just look at the process in the basic form. It involves several processes involving taking blood, modifying blood, transfusion of that blood, observe effects on the patient. Only so many facilities. It would have to be upscaled. More doctors, staff, equipment...meh. But ok whatever you say.
originally posted by: Stupidsecrets
Basically just repeated what I said. Everyone has cancer. Not all die from it. Agree. The .5 just on face value though, that's almost 20M. So to my second point, and I will make this very simple...
Let's say 20M in the US need a Toyota Corrola right now. Like today. Great. Only problem; Toyota only made a little over 300K for the US in 2019. Oh, and one wrench in this, it's .5 of the entire population, not just the US.
originally posted by: Riffrafter
As The Telegraph reports, “Researchers at Cardiff University were analyzing blood from a bank in Wales, looking for immune cells that could fight bacteria, when they found an entirely new type of T-cell. That new immune cell carries a never-before-seen receptor which acts like a grappling hook, latching on to most human cancers, while ignoring healthy cells.”
Wow!
Any thoughts from the medically minded folks here?
Does this have legs?
British Scientists May Have Found Cure For Cancer - By Accident
originally posted by: Stupidsecrets
a reply to: Riffrafter
It doesn't work on all types of cancer from what I heard on the radio but it was a short segment. I'm skeptical for several reasons. One, highly unlikely some massive breakthrough with so much research put into it for decades but I concede, still possible.
Two, most doctors say a cure for cancer is damn near impossible which, is kinda what that segment said, it doesn't work on all cancers. And cancer mutates.
originally posted by: OccamsRazor04
a reply to: Stupidsecrets
Everyone has cancerous cells. Our body naturally fights and wins the battle usually. It is only those who lose the battle that would need these treatments. The number is around 0.5% of the US population every year.