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Human vision is incredible - most of us are capable of seeing around 1 million colours, and yet we still don't really know if all of us perceive these colours in the same way.
But there's actually evidence that, until modern times, humans didn't actually see the colour blue.
A few years later, a philologist (someone who studies language and words) called Lazarus Geiger decided to follow up on this observation, and analysed ancient Icelandic, Hindu, Chinese, Arabic, and Hebrew texts to see if they used the colour.
There have been various studies conducted to try to work this out, but one of the most compelling was published in 2006 by Jules Davidoff, a psychologist from Goldsmiths University of London.
Davidoff and his team worked with the Himba tribe from Namibia. In their language, there is no word for blue and no real distinction between green and blue.
But the Himba tribe struggled to tell Davidoff which of the squares was a different colour to the others.
Those who did hazard a guess at which square was different took a long time to get the right answer, and there were a lot of mistakes.
To test whether that meant they couldn't actually see blue, he showed members of the tribe a circle with 11 green squares and one obviously blue square.
But the Himba tribe struggled to tell Davidoff which of the squares was a different colour to the others.
Those who did hazard a guess at which square was different took a long time to get the right answer, and there were a lot of mistakes.
But, interestingly, the Himba have lots more words for green than we do.
So to reverse the experiment, Davidoff showed English speakers this same circle experiment with 11 squares of one shade of green, and then one odd square of a different shade.
As you can see below, it's pretty tough for us to distinguish which square is different. In fact, I really can't see any differences at all.
The Himba tribe, on the other hand, could spot the odd square out straight away.
Donald D. Hoffman, a professor of cognitive science at the University of California, Irvine. Hoffman has spent the past three decades studying perception, artificial intelligence, evolutionary game theory and the brain, and his conclusion is a dramatic one: The world presented to us by our perceptions is nothing like reality.
" I think that’s absolutely true. The neuroscientists are saying, “We don’t need to invoke those kind of quantum processes, we don’t need quantum wave functions collapsing inside neurons, we can just use classical physics to describe processes in the brain.” I’m emphasizing the larger lesson of quantum mechanics: Neurons, brains, space … these are just symbols we use, they’re not real. It’s not that there’s a classical brain that does some quantum magic. It’s that there’s no brain! Quantum mechanics says that classical objects—including brains—don’t exist. So this is a far more radical claim about the nature of reality and does not involve the brain pulling off some tricky quantum computation. So even Penrose hasn’t taken it far enough. But most of us, you know, we’re born realists. We’re born physicalists. This is a really, really hard one to let go of."
Regarding the color & word blue not being present in some past tribes... I believe i read this somewhere before recently. So did they call it something else ? Cyan (lol)? What do you think was going on here... they just weren't describing it correctly, or was it a special tribe of color blind folks, or they categorized the two colors as the same ?