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originally posted by: undo
originally posted by: Spider879
a reply to: undo
But Seti and Abe live about a thousand yrs plus apart,the era of the proto Israelite journey
would be set in the middle kingdom 11th or 12th dynasties .
oh i'm not saying seti I was the pharaoh at the time of abe. to determine the pharaoh, we would have to determine abe's timeframe. to do that, we have to accept that the hyksos were the habiru (israelites) and then locate the event of the exodus as the same event as the expulsion of the hyksos.
originally posted by: Spider879
originally posted by: undo
originally posted by: Spider879
a reply to: undo
But Seti and Abe live about a thousand yrs plus apart,the era of the proto Israelite journey
would be set in the middle kingdom 11th or 12th dynasties .
oh i'm not saying seti I was the pharaoh at the time of abe. to determine the pharaoh, we would have to determine abe's timeframe. to do that, we have to accept that the hyksos were the habiru (israelites) and then locate the event of the exodus as the same event as the expulsion of the hyksos.
The Hyksos which included proto Hebrews would corrispond to the 13-14 th dynasties it was in that time frame the name Semetic sounding name Yaqub-Har appeared during the 16th?? dynasty of the Hyksos,
In any case the Proto Hebrews would appear at around the 11th or 12th dyn.
originally posted by: undo
look at this. this is pharaoh ahmose (mose (moses) was named after him)
expelling the hyksos. look at the water. it's full of charioteers and presumably a few hyksos as well
Through the might of the Lord of All I took the field against the Noba [Nubians] when the people of Noba revolted, when they boasted and "He will not cross over the Takkaze," said the Noba, when they did violence to the peoples Mangurto and Hasa and Barya, and the Black Noba waged war on the Red Noba and a second and a third time broke their oath and without consideration slew their neighbors and plundered our envoys and messengers whom I had sent to interrogate them, robbing them of their possessions and seizing their lances. When I sent again and they did not hear me, and reviled me, and made off, I took the field against them. And I armed myself with the power of the Lord of the Land and fought on the Takkaze at the ford of Kemalke. And thereupon they fled and stood not still, and I pursued the fugitives twenty-three days slaying them and capturing others and taking plunder from them, where I came; while prisoners and plunder were brought back by my own people who marched out; while I burnt their towns, those of masonry and those of straw, and seized their corn and their bronze and the dried meat and the images in their temples and destroyed the stocks of corn and cotton; and the enemy plunged into the river Seda, and many perished in the water, the number I know not, and as their vessels foundered a multitude of people, men and women were drowned. . .
And I arrived at the Kasu [Kush], slaying them and taking others prisoner at the junction of the rivers Seda and Takkaze. And on the day after my arrival I dispatched into the field the troop of Mahaza and the Damawa and Falha and Sera up the Seda against the towns of masonry and of straw; their towns of masonry are called >Alwa, Daro. And they slew and took prisoners and threw them into the water and they returned safe and sound, after they had terrified their enemies and had conquered through the power of the Lord of the Land. And I sent the troop Halen and the troop Laken and the troop Sabarat and Falha and Sera down the Seda against the towns of straw of the Noba and Negues; the towns of masonry of the Kasu which the Noba had taken were Tabito, Fertoti; and they arrived at the territory of the Red Noba, and my people returned safe and sound after they had taken prisoners and slain others and had seized their plunder through the power of the Lord of Heaven. And I erected a throne at the junction of the rivers Seda and Takkaze, opposite the town of masonry which is on this peninsula.
originally posted by: undo
isn't it a shame that they just left those buildings to fall apart.
"The king of Zafun is stronger than the veiled people of the Maghreb and more versed in the art of kingship. The veiled people acknowledge his superiority over them, obey him and resort to him in all important matters of government. One year the king, on his way to the pilgrimage, came to the Maghreb to pay a visit to the commander of the Muslims, the veiled king of the Maghreb, of the tribe of Lamtuna. The Commander of the Muslims met him on foot, whereas the king of Zafun did not dismount for him. He was tall, of deep black complexion and veiled."
The women soldiers were rigorously trained, given uniforms, and equipped with Danish guns (obtained via the slave trade).[citation needed] By the mid-19th century, they numbered between 1,000 and 6,000 women, about a third of the entire Dahomey army, according to reports written by visitors. The reports also noted variously that the women soldiers suffered several defeats, but that the women soldiers were consistently judged to be superior to the male soldiers in effectiveness and bravery.
The women soldiers were said to be structured in parallel with the army as a whole, with a center wing (the king's bodyguards) flanked on both sides, each under separate commanders. Some accounts note that each male soldier had a mino counterpart.
In the latter period, the mino were armed with Winchester rifles, clubs and knives. Units were under female command. Captives who fell into the hands of the mino were often decapitated
originally posted by: punkinworks10
a reply to: Spider879
Hey there spider,
S&F
Nice post, I appreciate your effort and knowledge on such things African.
On an unrelated side note, are you aware of the proposed link between Dravidian and Niger-Congo? If not pm me and I'll send you a link to some of the literature. Evidently the millet grown by the people of the indus valley civilization, was an African variety. And there are niger-Congo loan words in Dravidian.
@ Nathan who said:
"I have never seen any academic journal claiming Dravidian has any connection to African languages. All sources on Dravidian linguistics limit the language group to the SubContinent. The exception is McAlpin's hypothesis. "
Many researchers have written on the relationship between the Dravidian and Niger-Congo including : Dr. Balakrishnan, Dr. Upadhyaya and Dr. Upadhyaya; Dr. Aravaanan who are Dravidian speaking linguist, the French linguist L. Homburger and Sergent .
Articles on this linguistic relationship has appeared in BioEssay, International Journal of Dravidian linguistics, PILC Journal of Dravidian Studies, Bull. De L’IFAN, Journal de la Societe des Africanists, Journal Afrique and Kemi. These researchers maintain that Dravidian languages are genetically related to Niger-Congo languages. Below is a partial list of articles denoting this fact:
You claim that Dravidian is not related to the Niger-Congo group. But numerous linguist say the language families are related.
Aravanan, K P , "Physical and cultural similarities between Dravidians and Africans", Journal of Tamil Studies 10,(1976)pages 23-27.
Aravanan, K P. (1979). Dravidians and Africans , Madras.
Aravanan,K.P. Notable negroid elements in Dravidian India, Journal of Tamil Studies, 1980, pp.20-45.
R. Balakrishnan, in 'African Roots of the Dravidian -speaking Tribes,: A Case Study in Onomastics', International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics,(2005) 34(1):153-202
Lal, B , "The Only Asian expedition in threatened Nubia:Work by an Indian Mission at Afyeh and Tumas", The Illustrated London Times , 20 April 1963
Lahovary, N , Dravidian Origins and the West, Madras: Longman,1963.
N'Diaye, C.T. (1978) The relationship between Dravidian languages and Wolof. Annamalai University Ph.D. Thesis.
Sergent , Bernard (1992). Genèse de L'Inde. Paris: Payot .
Singh, H.N. (1982). History and archaeology of Black-and Red ware. Delhi.
Upadhyaya,P & Upadhyaya,S.P., Les liens entre Kerala et l"Afrique tels qu'ils resosortent des survivances culturelles et linguistiques, Bulletin de L'IFAN, no.1, 1979, pp.100-132.
Upadhyaya,P & Upadhyaya,S.P. Affinites ethno-linguistiques entre Dravidiens et les Negro-Africain, Bull.de L’IFAN,No.1, 1976,pp.127-157.
Winters, C.A. (1994). The Dravidian and African languages, International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, 23 (2), 34-52.
Winters, Clyde Ahmad.(1999a). ProtoDravidian terms for cattle. International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, 28, 91-98.
Winters, C.A.(1999b). Proto-Dravidian terms for sheep and goats.PILC Journal of Dravidian Studies, 9 (2), 183-87.
Winters, C.A.(2000). Proto-Dravidian agricultural terms. International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, 30 (1), 23-28.
Winters,C, Did the Dravidian Speakers Originate in Africa?, BioEssays,27(5):497-498 [2007]
Winters,C. African millets taken to India, Ann of Bot [2008], aob.oxfordjournals.org...
Winters,C Origin of the Niger-Congo Speakers. WebmedCentral Genetics 2012,3(3):WMC))3149. www.webmedcentral.com...