a reply to:
godservant
To understand what is happening you have to first understand how the cell phone (and the radio) works.
A cell phone is never really "off." It has three modes of operation: full power, as in, you're actively using it for a call or for data retrieval;
standby mode, as in, the screen is off and it's not making any noises, but it is still waiting for something to happen; sleep mode, as in, it is for
all practical purposes off, but the microprocessor is still running internally in a very low-power state.
The only difference between active and standby mode is the screen is off.
The phone is constantly monitoring incoming signals from cell towers. That's how you receive notifications. They may not appear until you enter active
mode, but they are still received in standby mode. The phone is also constantly sending pings to nearby cell towers to keep up with its physical
location. So the phone being "off" (as in, not being used and the screen blank) is not really off.
All of those signals consist of a carrier wave that is modulated by a signal waveform. The carrier wave is analog, but the signal is digital... either
on or off. The frequency of the carrier wave is adjusted ever so slightly between a signal of on or off, at a very fast rate. The higher the frequency
of the carrier wave, the faster that signal wave can change. 3G used a higher frequency than 2G, and 4G uses a higher frequency than 3G. 5G is a bit
different... it uses the exact same frequency as 4G unless the phone is close to a cell tower; then it can increase the frequency to one of two higher
levels depending on how close it is. Unless one is close to a cell tower, they are actually receiving 4G, even though the phone may report it as
5G.
Any time you modulate an analog carrier wave with a digital signal, you get harmonics. That's just physics; no possible way to get rid of harmonics
without making the signal different. The exact harmonics created depends on the data being transmitted... a sequence of '11001011' will generate
different harmonics than '00111001.' The harmonics are not very strong. They are generally just slight noise in the EM spectrum. But they do exist.
Now consider an FM radio. It is designed to receive carrier waves of a range of frequencies. These carrier waves also adjust their frequency slightly
to correlate with the analog wave that the radio station is sending. Their signal is analog, though, so they do not create the same type of harmonics
as a cell phone. Since they are designed to receive analog carrier waves modulated by analog signal waves, they handle interference in a way that
works with the waves they expect to receive.
The noises you hear are the result of harmonics created by the cell phone and falsely interpreted by the radio as being on the frequency the radio is
tuned to.
Newer cell phones using higher generation signals (higher frequency signals) will typically not interfere as much with the FM radio band as lower
generation phones. That's because the frequencies are higher in the newer phones and farther away from the FM radio band. Close proximity, however,
can make it easier for a radio to pick up those harmonics, as power decreases according to the inverse square law as one moves farther from the signal
source. So a late-model 5G phone will not interfere as much as a 3G phone, but it can still do so if it is close enough to the radio antenna. The
actual signal being transmitted matters as well.
There is nothing inherently dangerous about these radio waves. It is true that gamma waves of sufficient power are dangerous, but present technology
cannot produce modulated gamma waves at that power level. Cell phones actually produce very tiny amounts of energy, as they adjust their power levels
based on the strength of the cell signal. They only produce the minimum power needed to ensure contact with the cell tower.
Your worries are unfounded. The things you mention are just byproducts of how physics forces things to work, and are not indicators of anything
nefarious or inherently dangerous.
TheRedneck